SSA Review Ecological Relationships

In some grassland ecosystems, lions are predators that consume zebras. In several estuary ecosystems, fish lice are parasites that consume the blood of fish. How are these two relationships of predation and parasitism similar?

• Only one organism in each relationship

  dies.

• Both organisms in each relationship are

  harmed.

• Only one organism in each relationship benefits.

• Neither organism in each relationship is

  harmed.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Lichens in a forest ecosystem are made up of fungi and algae living together. The fungi benefit from food produced by the algae. The algae benefit from nutrients and water absorbed by the fungi. Which of the following relationships in different ecosystems is most similar to the interaction of the fungi and algae?

• mutualism between fungi and ants

• parasitism between fungi and humans

• commensalism between birds and trees

• competition between algae and aquatic plants

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Remoras are small fish that attach to sharks but do not harm them. When sharks tear prey apart, remoras eat the leftovers. What relationship do remoras have with sharks?

• mutualism

• parasitism

• predator-prey

• commensalism

Hummingbirds share a mutualistic relationship with the flowers they feed on. Which of these statements about the symbiotic relationship between the flower and the hummingbird is true?

• Both the flower and the hummingbird are helped.

• Both the flower and the hummingbird are harmed.

• The flower is harmed, and the hummingbird is helped.

• The flower is helped, and the hummingbird is harmed.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Honeybees are important pollinators of flowers. Mites that live in the bodies of bees can attack honeybee colonies. Some birds, amphibians, and insects eat honeybees. Which of the following relationships is not included in the description above?

• parasitism

• mutualism

• commensalism

• predator-prey

One relationship between organisms is that of predator-prey. Which of the following is the best description of a predator?

• An organism that participates in symbiosis

• An organism that eats

  another organism.

• An organism that is eaten by

  another organism

• An organism that benefits at the expense of another organism.

In a relationship between two organisms, sometimes one organism is predator and the other is prey. Which of the following is the best description of prey?

• An organism that another organism benefits from.

• An organism that eats

  another organism

• An organism that is eaten by another organism

• An organism that is harmed by another organism.

Small birds called Egyptian plovers sometimes get their food by picking it off the hides of crocodiles. For this reason, they are also known as crocodile birds. Which kind of relationship do crocodiles and Egyptian plovers have?

• predator-prey

• commensalism

• parasitism

• mutualism

What causes competition among organisms?

• One organism tries to live on or in the other organism.

• Both organisms attempt to

  use the same limited resources.

• Both organisms try to take

  on the form of the other.

• One organism tries to prey

  on the other organism.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Which of the following relationships is most like the predator-prey relationship?

• parasitism

• symbiosis

• mutualism

• commensalism

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2