Unit 2 Biodiversity

Living organisms must acquire energy from their environment. Examples of adaptations that help organisms acquire this energy include which of the following?

A The dark, heat-absorbing coloration of a reptile

B The fangs and claws of a lion

C The light coloration of a peppered moth

• A only

• C only

• All of the above

• A and B only

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Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following?

• The first law of thermodynamics

• The second law of thermodynamics

• The law of conservation of matter

• The process of ecological succession

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The diagram above illustrates how the number of individuals in a population changed with time as a result of external stresses and resource limitations. Which lettered portion of the curve most likely corresponds to the carrying capacity of the ecosystem?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

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Which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?

• Decreased kernel size

• Decreased potential yield

• Decreased dependence on chemical fertilizers

• Increased susceptibility on plant disease

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Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?

• A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide.

• A lizard's color becomes brown as it sits on a log.

• A plant loses its leaves in a drought.

• A population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available.

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Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area?

• Population size of each species and area occupied by each population

• Minimum population area and minimum viable population size

• Genetic variation within each species and number of species present

• Ratio of r-strategists to K-strategists and life expectancy of K-strategists

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The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of

• adaptive radiation

• ecosystem services

• evolution by natural selection

• ecological equilibrium

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The Chatham Island robin is a small endangered bird found in scrub forests off the coast of New Zealand. The robin is preyed upon by introduced species such as cats and rats. In 1980, the population decreased to only 5

individuals and every individual today is a descendant of a single female. Which of the following is best illustrated in the decline of the Chatham Island robins?

• Carrying capacity

• Population bottleneck

• Population overshoot

• Type I survivorship

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Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

• Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

• Timber and landscape materials

• Mushroom and plant harvests

• Soil stabilization and air purification

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Which of the following would most likely result from the deforestation of large areas of tropical rain forests caused by slash-and-burn agriculture?

• Increased ozone thinning because of the release of CFCs

• Decreased acid rain because of the sequestration of SO2

• Increased global temperature because of the release of CO2

• Deceased evaporation because of the loss of the tree canopy

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