Calculating Heat and Final Temperature

As part of a lab experiment, Tasha drops a metal cube into a beaker of water, as shown in the figure below.

After energy in the form of heat transfers between the substances, what is the final temperature of the water?

• The final temperature is 25 °C because there is more water than metal.

• The final temperature is 50 °C because the metal warms the water to the temperature of the metal.

• The final temperature is between 25 °C and 50 °C because energy is transferred from the metal to the water.

• The final temperature is between 25 °C and 50 °C because most of the thermal energy is lost to the air around the substances.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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The water in Mario’s swimming pool absorbs energy as heat during the day. Which of the following would the water in the pool be most likely to do?

• condense

• evaporate

• freeze

• melt

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

During the summer, Chang takes a glass of milk from the refrigerator and places it on the kitchen counter. Over time, energy as heat is transferred to the milk from the air. Which change would most likely occur?

• The temperature of the milk will increase.

• The temperature of the milk will decrease.

• The milk will change from a liquid to a gas.

• The milk will change from a liquid to a solid.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

How is temperature related to heat?

• Temperature is a measure of the heat of an object.

• Heat causes a change in the temperature of an object.

• Raising the temperature causes the heat of an object to increase.

• Temperature and heat are two different ways to measure the same thing.

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The picture below shows a closed system before and after undergoing a change.

What was changed in the system?

• Particles were added to the system.

• Water was added to the system.

• Heat was added to the system.

• Air was added to the system.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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Emerson places a beaker of water on a hotplate and turns the hotplate on. The temperature in the room is 25 ºC. After the water heats to 75 ºC, she adds pieces of ice to the beaker.

Which of the following describes a transfer of heat energy that occurs during this experiment?

• from the air to the water

• from the ice to the beaker

• from the water to the ice

• from the water to the hotplate

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Joe places two solid objects in contact with each other. Which property determines the direction of the flow of heat between the two objects?

• material of the objects

• volume of objects

• density of objects

• temperature of objects

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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Jeriah places two metal cubes in contact with each other. Energy transfers as heat flows from Cube A to Cube B. What conclusion can you draw regarding Cube A?

• It is larger than Cube B.

• It is cooler than Cube B.

• It is smaller than Cube B.

• It is warmer than Cube B.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Gregory is making a turkey for Thanksgiving by roasting it in his oven. The turkey started at a room temperature of 25°C, and the oven was preheated to 175°C. If Gregory accidentally turns off the oven after he places the turkey inside of it, then what will happen to the turkey?

• Thermal energy flows from the oven into the turkey and continues to flow until they reach equilibrium at 100°C or the turkey is removed.

• Thermal energy flows from the turkey into the oven and continues to flow until they reach equilibrium at 100°C or the oven is turned off.

• Thermal energy flows from the oven into the turkey and continues to flow until the turkey reaches its perfect temperature of 74°C.

• Thermal energy flows from the turkey into the oven and continues to flow until the oven is room temperature of 25°C.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Directions: The table below shows the temperatures of several different objects made of the same material. Use the table to answer the question below.

What will happen if the ball is placed inside the box, in a closed system?

• Thermal energy will flow from the ball into the box until they come to the same temperature at 50°C.

• Thermal energy will flow from the box into the ball until they come to the same temperature at 25°C.

• Thermal energy will flow from the ball into the box until the box decreases in temperature to 20°C.

• Thermal energy will flow from the box into the ball until the ball increases in temperature to 30°C.

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