Newton's Laws, Kepler's Law, Universal Law of Gravitation, and Orbit

If a new planet were found orbiting the Sun at 200AU, what would it's orbital period be?

• 34 years

• 200 years

• 300 years

• 2800 years

• 3 billion years

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Kepler's first law says that the planets move around the Sun in an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. What is at the other focus?

• Empty space

• The Earth

• The Moon

• Your teacher

• The planet being considered

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

From Kepler's third law, a hypothetical planet that is twice as far from the Sun as Earth should have a period of

• 0.5 Earth years

• 1 Earth year

• 2 Earth years

• More than 2 Earth years

• It depends on the planet's mass

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

All of the following statements are true. Which one follows directly from Kepler's third law?

• Venus is more massive than Mercury

• Venus orbits the Sun at a slower average speed than Mercury

• Venus is larger than Mercury

• Venus has a thicker atmosphere than Mercury

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Two large objects of equal mass, m, are separated by a distance r and exert a gravitational pull of magnitude F. If the distance between the two objects is reduced to r/4, what is the new gravitational force acting on each object?

• F/2

• F/4

• F/16

• 4F

• 16F

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

An object of mass m₁ is a distance r away from a mass of m₂. If m₁ is tripled and the distance between the two objects is increased from r to 3r, what is the new gravitational force?

• F/9

• F/3

• F

• 3F

• 9F

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

A satellite is orbiting the Earth a distance R_E above its surface. What is the acceleration due to gravity in this orbit?

• 2.45 m/s²

• 4.9 m/s²

• 9.8 m/s²

• 19.6 m/s²

• 39.2 m/s²

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

NGSS.HS-PS2-1

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

A rocket ship is sitting on the surface of a planet with a mass of 1 x 10²⁷ kg and a radius of 6.67 x 10¹² m. What is the planet's escape velocity?

• 14.14 m/s

• 100 m/s

• 141.4 m/s

• 50 m/s

• 10 m/s

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS2-1

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

There are two planets, each with the same surface gravity but planet 1 has a greater radius and is less massive than planet 2. Which of these planets has a greater escape velocity?

• Planet 1

• Planet 2

• Both have the same escape velocity because surface gravity is equal

• Not enough information given

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

A meteor follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun. When does the meteor sweep through the greatest area in time t?

• When it is closest to the Sun

• When it is furthest from the Sun

• It is impossible for the meteor to maintain an elliptical orbit therefore the question is not valid

• The meteor sweeps through equal areas in the same amount of time anywhere in the orbit

• None of the above

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4