IB Physics Cosmology

What is stellar evolution?

• The process by which a star changes over time

• The process by which a star explodes

• The process by which a star remains unchanged over time

• The process by which a star moves closer to Earth

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

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What is the Big Bang Theory?

• A scientific theory explaining the origin and evolution of the universe.

• A popular TV show about a group of friends living in Pasadena.

• A theory that explains the formation of galaxies and stars.

• A religious belief about the creation of the universe.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

How are galaxies formed?

• Through a process of nuclear fusion in the core of a star.

• Through gravitational attraction and accumulation of gas, dust, and stars over billions of years.

• Through the expansion of the universe.

• Through the collision of asteroids and comets.

What is the Solar System?

• A collection of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun.

• A collection of galaxies that orbit around a central black hole.

• A single planet that orbits around multiple stars.

• A group of stars that orbit around a planet.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

What is red shift?

• Phenomenon where light from an object moving towards an observer appears shifted towards longer wavelengths

• Phenomenon where light from an object moving away from an observer appears shifted towards longer wavelengths

• Phenomenon where light from an object moving away from an observer appears shifted towards shorter wavelengths

• Phenomenon where light from an object moving towards an observer appears shifted towards shorter wavelengths

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What are the stages of stellar evolution?

• nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, black hole, planetary nebula, and white dwarf

• nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, supernova, planetary nebula, and white dwarf

• nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, and supernova

• nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, and black hole

Explain the evidence for the Big Bang Theory.

• Observation of cosmic microwave background radiation, abundance of light elements, and redshift of distant galaxies.

• Detection of gravitational waves, presence of dark matter, and formation of galaxies.

• Discovery of black holes, existence of dark energy, and expansion of the universe.

• Observation of planetary motion, existence of parallel universes, and formation of stars.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Describe the process of galaxy formation.

• Galaxy formation is a result of a random explosion of matter in space.

• Galaxies are formed by the collision of two or more planets.

• Galaxy formation is a natural process that occurs when stars align in a specific pattern.

• Galaxy formation involves the gravitational collapse of gas and dust, leading to the formation of stars and the aggregation of these stars into galaxies.

List the planets in our Solar System.

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Pluto

• Pluto, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Pluto, Neptune

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

How does red shift provide evidence for the expansion of the universe?

• Red shift is a result of the Doppler effect, where the motion of the observer causes a shift in the wavelength of light.

• Red shift is the phenomenon where light from distant galaxies appears to be shifted towards longer wavelengths, indicating that the galaxies are moving away from us.

• Red shift is a measurement error caused by the limitations of telescopes, making it seem like galaxies are moving away from us.

• Red shift is caused by the absorption of light by interstellar dust, which makes it appear as if the galaxies are moving away from us.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2