Early Study of Evolution Eoc

In a forest, the color of tree bark gradually darkens over many years due to industrial pollution. A population of light-colored insects hides from predators during the day on the tree trunks. Which effect would the change in tree color most likely have on a dark-colored gene in the insect population?

• Mutations wills be more likely to produce the dark-colored gene

• The dark-colored gene will shift from recessive to dominant

• The frequency of the dark-colored gene will rise in the population

• Offspring will be more likely to inherit the dark-colored gene if one of their parents has the gene

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Which observation could best be used to indicate an evolutionary relationship between two species?

• They have a similar genetic code

• They have similar fur color.

• They inhabit the same geographic regions.

• They occupy the same niche.

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Ancestral birds and mammals share a common ancestor that was terrestrial, however, mammals and fish do not. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. Fish have fins adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers and fins of penguins and fish.

• Homologous; homologous

• Analogous; homologous

• Homologous; analogous

• Analogous; analogous

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In which ways are these embryos similar?

• they are genetically identical

• they are beginning to form a head and backbone

• they contain the same number of cells

• they will mature at the same rate

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Use the table to answer the question.

• Sharks and seals both have live births and probably have a common ancestor different from seals.

• All three groups have such unique properties that it is unlikely they have a common ancestor.

• Sharks and dolphins have similar features and probably have a common ancestor different from seals.

• Seals and dolphins have similar bones and probably have a common ancestor different from sharks.

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Which of the following is NOT a trend in the evolution of the hominid species?

• smaller jaws

• thicker skeletons

• smaller brow ridges

• larger brain size

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Rabbits are not native to Australia, having been brought there from England by sailors in the late eighteenth century. Yet rabbits have thrived in Australia to the point of becoming too numerous. In addition, rabbits and certain native Australian wallabies, although not closely related, resemble each other as to body structure and habits. Which idea about evolution is supported by these facts?

• Mass extinctions of species and the emergence of new species can be studied by examining the fossil record.

• Different species originally developed because of changes in some shared ancestral genetic code.

• Many species have body parts that look similar because they evolved from the same ancestral mammal.

• Species evolve in similar ways when they react to similar surroundings.

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What does the theory of endosymbiosis attempt to describe about the origins of life?

• how various sources energy caused the formation of increasingly complex molecules

• how the absence of oxygen enabled the first organic molecules to remain stable

• how eukaryotes were formed from prokaryotes

• how some prokaryotes mutated into autotrophs able to manufacture their own food

A trait that helps a species survive

• characterisitic
• adaptation
• survival trait

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All of these things are adaptations of plants, except

• Shape of the leaves

• Color of the flowers

• Feather covering

• Type of root system

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