Forces in the Universe

The gravitational force, described systematically by Isaac Newton in the 17th century, acts between all objects having ……….; it causes apples to fall from trees and determines the orbits of the planets around the Sun.

• mass

• volume

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

The electromagnetic force, given scientific definition by James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century, is responsible for the ………. of like and the ………. of unlike electric charges; it also explains the chemical behaviour of matter and the properties of light.

• repulsion/attraction

• attraction/repulsion

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NGSS.MS-PS2-3

Gravity acts between all objects of the universe, no matter how far apart they are, and an electromagnetic wave, such as the light from a distant star, travels undiminished through space until it meets some particle that can absorb it. This means the gravitational and electromagnetic forces operate at a(n) ………. range.

• finite

• infinite

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NGSS.HS-PS2-4

An electromagnetic field can be defined as a property of space caused by the ………. of an electric charge, while a gravitational field is the force field that exists in the space ………. every mass or group of masses.

• motion/around

• stationariness/inside

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NGSS.HS-PS2-4

NGSS.HS-PS2-5

Broadly speaking, we can say a field is...

• a region in which a body can experience a non-contact force.

• a region in which a body can experience a contact force.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-3

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

Non-contact forces act between two objects that are physically touching each other. Examples of non-contact forces include: magnetic force, electrostatic force and gravitational force.

• True

• False

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NGSS.MS-PS2-5

A magnetic force is experienced by any magnetic material in a magnetic field.

Opposite magnetic poles (N – S or S – N) ………. each other. Like magnetic poles (N – N or S – S) ……… each other.

• repel/attract

• attract/repel

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NGSS.MS-PS2-3

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

An electrostatic force is experienced by any charged particle in an electric field.

Choose the emoji that accurately represents the way unlike charges interact.

• ❤️

• 🤬

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NGSS.MS-PS2-3

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

A gravitational force is experienced by any mass in a gravitational field. Masses are attracted towards each other by gravitational force. Mass is a measure of how much matter is in an object while ………. is force that acts on a mass due to gravity. It is measured in ………. whereas mass is measured in kilograms.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Contact forces are forces that act between two objects that are physically touching each other. Examples of contact forces are: reaction force, tension, friction and air resistance.

• True

• False