Quiz 4: Dietary Antioxidants

Regarding free radical, which of the following statements are correct?

• Unreactive atoms or group of atoms

• Molecules with an extra electron that stabilize cells

• Unstable molecule that can damage cells by stealing electrons

• Enzymes that repair damaged DNA

Which of the following statements about dietary antioxidants are correct?

• Vitamin C and Vitamin E are examples of dietary antioxidants

• Antioxidants work by accepting electrons to stabilise free radicals

• Antioxidants are only found in supplements, not natural foods

• All antioxidants are safe, even in high doses

Antioxidants donate electrons to neutralise free radicals and prevent cellular damage

• True

• False

Cell swelling due to failure of ion pumps a key feature of irreversible injury.

• True

• False

Which of the following statements about cellular injury and free radicals are TRUE?

• Free radicals can damage lipids, proteins, and DNA

• All free radicals are harmful and serve no beneficial role in the body

• Lipid peroxidation is one mechanism by which free radicals harm cells

• Oxidative stress is when antioxidants outnumber free radicals

Which of the following is a consequence of chronic inflammation?

• Increased tissue repair and healing

• Formation of scar tissue and fibrosis

• Complete resolution of inflammation

• Decreased immune system activity

What role do antioxidants play in reducing chronic inflammation?

• Increased production of free radicals

• Neutralise free radicals, preventing cellular damage

• Promote release of inflammatory cytokines

• Inhibit immune cell function

Which of the following statements are FALSE?

• Polyphenol only act as antioxidants and do not influence inflammatory signalling pathways.

• Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a harmful byproduct of oxidative stress that antioxidants help reduce

• The NF-kB promotes inflammation, and antioxidants can inhibit this pathway to reduce inflammatory responses

• Antioxidants play no role in promoting collagen synthesis or reducing fibrosis

Glutathione can help minimise tissue damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury

• True

• False

Oxidised ______ contributes to artherosclerosis by forming plaques in arteries, and antioxidants like Vitamin E help prevent this process.