Potential Kinetic Energy and Energy Transformations

Kaleb forgot to calculate his potential energy when he was walking briskly and running. How can he determine the missing measurements based on the data he has?

• Kaleb would be able to determine the missing potential energies by doubling the kinetic energy. This would be correct because the potential energy is always double the kinetic energy when a person is in motion.

• Kaleb would be able to determine the missing potential energies because if a person is moving they have kinetic energy, and a person cannot have kinetic and potential energy at the same time. The missing potential energies would be 0 J.

• Kaleb would be able to determine the missing potential energies by subtracting the kinetic energy from the potential energy he measured when he was standing still. This would be correct because the potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy when he goes into motion.

• Kaleb would be able to determine the missing potential energies by adding the 1,030 J to the kinetic energy when he was running and walking briskly. This would be correct because the potential energy is a constant, and the kinetic energy is added to it when he goes into motion.

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A cubic box with a mass of 10N falls from Position “a” to the ground at Position “c”. Which statement describes the transformation of energy in the diagram?

• Kinetic energy at Position “a” is the greatest, but potential energy changes as the height changes.

• Kinetic energy at Position “c” is the lowest, but potential energy changes as the height changes.

• Potential energy at Position “a” is the greatest, but kinetic energy changes as the height changes.

• Potential energy at Position “c” is the greatest, but kinetic energy changes as the height changes.

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Julius cooks some food on a grill. He claims that there are energy transformations occurring in the grill. His sister says he is wrong. What argument could Julius use to prove his sister wrong?

• The propane gas used by the grill provides chemical energy. When the propane is burned in the grill for cooking, the chemical energy is converted to thermal and light energy. The thermal energy provides the heat for grilling food on the grill.

• The propane gas used by the grill provides light energy from the flame that burns inside the grill. The light energy is converted into thermal energy that is used to cook the food on the grill.

• The propane gas used by the grill contains thermal energy. The thermal energy is released as light energy when the flame is lit for the grill, and this energy is transformed into chemical energy when cooking the food on the grill.

• The propane gas used by the grill supplies chemical energy when the propane is burned inside the grill. This energy is transformed into light energy when the flame is used to cook the food on the grill.

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Consider the swinging pendulum. Which increases when potential energy in the pendulum system increases?

• The mass of the pendulum.

• The speed at which the pendulum is moving.

• The height the pendulum reaches as it swings up.

• The amount of kinetic energy in the pendulum system.

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Caroline looked at a picture of the flowers in her garden. She stated that, “Flowers turn energy from the sun into chemical energy to make food.” Which of the following arguments BEST supports her claim?

• The light energy from the sun is transformed into chemical energy when it's used to perform photosynthesis in the plant.

• The thermal energy from the sun is transformed into chemical energy when it is used to perform photosynthesis in the plant.

• The thermal energy from the sun is transformed into light energy that is used to provide the plant with the needed light to perform photosynthesis.

• The light energy from the sun is transformed into thermal energy when it is used to provide the plant with the heat needed to perform photosynthesis.

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Jamal’s teacher has asked the class to use this picture to explain how potential energy transforms to kinetic energy when an object begins to move. Based on the picture, which is the BEST explanation for how potential energy transforms to kinetic energy when an object begins to move?

• As the ball moves down the stairs, the potential energy increases because height decreases and is transformed to kinetic energy.

• As the ball moves down the stairs, the potential energy increases because the speed increases and is transformed to kinetic energy.

• As the ball moves down the stairs, the potential energy decreases because the height decreases and is transformed to kinetic energy.

• As the ball moves down the stairs, the potential energy decreases because the speed increases and is transformed to kinetic energy.

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Lake Blackshear is a lake in South Georgia that is created by a flood gate stopping the flow of the Flint River. How can one investigate how to transform the potential energy of Lake Blackshear into kinetic energy?

• It could be investigated by opening the flood gates, causing the moving water to demonstrate kinetic energy.

• It could be investigated by throwing a rock into the lake, causing ripples in the water that would demonstrate kinetic energy.

• It could be investigated by driving a boat around the lake to demonstrate the kinetic energy of the water moving from the boat.

• It could be investigated by draining the lake using the flood gates and allowing the rain to refill the lake to demonstrate the kinetic energy.

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Solar panels are becoming a source of energy that many people are using to power their home. Which of the following arguments BEST explains how solar panels can power a home?

• Solar panels transform the thermal energy from the Sun into light energy that can be used in the home.

• Solar panels transform the light energy from the Sun into electrical energy that can be used in the home.

• Solar panels transform the thermal energy from the Sun into chemical energy that can be used in the home.

• Solar panels transform the chemical energy from the Sun into electrical energy that can be used in the home.

Light radiates from the sun, and trees transform the light energy into ATP molecules through the process of photosynthesis. Which type of energy is the tree changing the light energy into?

• kinetic energy

• chemical energy

• electrical energy

• mechanical energy

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Boris came into his room and it was completely dark. He turned on the lamp to see. When the lamp is turned on, light energy is created to light the room. Which of the following BEST describes what energy is transformed to create the light energy?

• The solar energy from the outlet the lamp is connected to is transformed into light energy when the lamp is turned on.

• The chemical energy from the outlet the lamp is connected to is transformed into light energy when the lamp is turned on.

• The electrical energy from the outlet the lamp is connected to is transformed into light energy when the lamp is turned on.

• The thermal energy from the outlet that the lamp is connected to is transformed into light energy when the lamp is turned on.