Biology Milestones Review

Selected-Response

SB1a

About one in one million people are born with dyskeratosis congenita. This disease affects many areas of the body. It causes fingernails and toenails to grow abnormally and discoloration of the skin. Dyskeratosis congenita is caused by a mutation in a gene responsible for the production of ribosomes; therefore, ribosome functioning is impaired.

Which cell process would be most directly affected by this disease?

• the production of energy

• the production of proteins

• the removal of substances

• the breakdown of chemicals

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SB4a

Which conclusion can be made regarding the species?

• Species 1 is a predator of Species 2

• Species 2 is a predator of Species 1

• Species 1 and 2 have a mutualistic relationship

• Species 1 and 2 have a commensalistic relationship.

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SB5c

An organism is multicellular and can be seen without a microscope. The bar graph shows the numbers of some of the organelles in one of the cells from the organism.

From which kingdom is this organism?

• Animalia

• Archaebacteria

• Fungi

• Plantae

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Sb1b

Which graph shows the most effective enzyme reduction of the amount of required activation energy?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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Sb3a

Scientists conducted an experiment to determine how different wavelengths of light affected photosynthesis. They used two groups of the same plants. The leaves of Group 1 were covered with transparent green plastic. The leaves of Group 2 were not covered with any plastic. The results show that the plants photosynthesized best when their leaves were not covered in any plastic. Which hypothesis do the results support?

• If leaves are uncovered, then their chloroplasts will produce more oxygen than the leaves that are covered in green plastic.

• If leaves are covered in green plastic, then their mitochondria will absorb more carbon dioxide than the mitochondria of uncovered leaves.

• If leaves are uncovered, then their chloroplasts will release more carbon dioxide than the chloroplasts of leaves covered in green plastic.

• If leaves are covered in green plastic, then their mitochondria will produce more oxygen than the leaves that are uncovered

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sb4b

Energy is transferred between trophic levels in a food pyramid. If 150,000 joules of sunlight are captured by plants, how much energy is transferred to secondary consumers?

• 150 joules

• 1,500 joules

• 15,000 joules

• 150,000 joules

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SB4c

The table shows the changes in size of the populations of grasses, shrubs, and trees over 150 years.

What type of succession was taking place?

• primary succession because trees replaced bushes

• secondary succession because the type of species changed twice

• primary succession because there was a decrease in the number of species

• secondary succession because the first organisms to grow were grasses

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SB2a

Selected-Response

After conducting several tests, a scientist determines that the nucleic acid sample he is studying has the following characteristics: • Contains nucleotides linked in a chain • Contains 4 nitrogen bases • Made of single strand • Uracil is present What is the BEST conclusion the scientist can make based on the observations?

• he nucleic acid is DNA

• The nucleic acid is RNA.

• The nucleic acid is a protein.

• More tests would be needed to determine the type of nucleic acid in the sample.

SB2d

Scientists have studied organisms near steel mills. In one study, the scientists compared the DNA of two groups of mice. One group lived near a steel mill, and the other group lived in a rural area away from the steel mill. The scientists collected data on the number of mutations occurring in each group and created the table shown.

Which prediction can be made from this data?

• Mice that live in rural areas will have more genes expressed than mice near steel mills.

• Mice that live near steel mills will have more genes expressed than mice in rural areas

• Mice that live in rural areas will have higher rates of abnormalities due to mutations than mice near steel mills

• Mice that live near steel mills will have higher rates of abnormalities due to mutations than mice in rural areas.

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Sb5e

Scientists and farmers studied how populations of insects on a farm changed after the farmer started using an insecticide on the crops. The diagram shows population sizes, both before and after the insecticide was applied.

What conclusion can be made about the Insect A and Insect B populations?

• The insecticide was specific to Insect B

• The insecticide became less effective for Insect A

• Some insects passed a beneficial mutation to offspring

• The farmer missed spraying insecticide on some plants

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