IB Biology

Which term describes the physical movements in the thorax which bring fresh air to the alveoli and remove stale air?

• gas exchange

• respiration

• ventilation

• circulation

Which of the following is/are true for inhalation?

• internal intercostal muscles contract

• ribcage moves up and out

• volume in the thorax decreases

• air enters when pressure in the thorax is below atmospheric pressure

Which of the following is/are true for exhalation?

• internal intercostal muscles contract

• abdominal muscles relax

• diaphragm muscle relaxes and is dome-shaped

• the pressure in the thorax increases above atmospheric pressure

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which of the following is/are correct adaptations of alveoli for fast gas exchange?

• thin cell wall gives a short diffusion distance

• moist inner surface to dissolve O₂ and CO₂

• gas exchange maintains concentration gradients between alveoli and blood

• close to blood capillaries gives a short diffusion distance

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Ventilation maintains a high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli.

Which one of the following maintains a low concentration of oxygen in blood capillaries that are close by?

• respiration

• perspiration

• circulation

• evaporation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following is/are true of Type 1 pneumocytes?

• They are thin and permeable cells

• They secrete a chemical called surfactant

• There is a single layer of these cells in alveoli walls

• They help to dissolve gases

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Which of the following is/are true of Type 2 pneumocytes?

• The surfactant that they secrete increases surface tension

• They prevent the sides of alveoli from sticking together

• They help gases to dissolve

• They are found on the inner surface of alveoli

Which of the following is/are true of the lung disease emphysema?

• It is caused by bacteria

• Alveoli walls break down

• Elastic fibres in alveoli membranes are digested

Which of the following is/are true of the lung disease emphysema?

• The diffusion distance between alveoli and blood increases

• Alveoli become larger

• Cilia are damaged so less bacteria can enter the lungs

• Alveoli cannot recoil as easily so it is more difficult to exhale

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

What is the main reason for placing an oxygen mask on a patient, who has a severe lung disease?

• It makes them feel less tired

• It increases the concentration gradient for oxygen between the alveoli and blood capillaries

• It allows aerobic respiration to occur

• It allows oxygen to diffuse faster into the alveoli from blood capillaries