Biology Semester Review

________ is the process plants use to capture the sun’s energy and build carbohydrates that store energy.

• Cellular respiration
• Fermentation
• The citric acid cycle
• Photosynthesis

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What is the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration?

• Photosynthesis uses C6H12O6  as a reactant.
• Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis both use water in the forward reaction.
• Photosynthesis is the reverse reaction to the Cellular Respiration reaction.
• Cellular Respiration has the same forward reaction as Photosynthesis.

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Carbohydrates are consumed by animals and broken down to form glucose molecules. These glucose molecules will eventually be broken down by mitochondria during cellular respiration to make ________.

• cell structures.
• enzymes for digestion.
• storage molecules called lipids.
• energy in the form of ATP.

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Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?

• They are replenished by sunlight.
• They are cycled through ecosystems.
• They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.
• They are produced constantly from nutrients.

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Which conditions cause the body to work to maintain homeostasis?

• tissue and cell formation
• production of key vitamins
• cell differentiation and determination  
• internal and external changes

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If there are more births than deaths in a population, what is happening to the population?

• It is stagnating (not growing or shrinking)
• It is growing
• It is shrinking
• Nothing, it is staying the same

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The term biodiversity means which of the following?

• the number and variety of organisms in an ecosystem
• the variety of abiotic elements in an ecosystem
• the greatest difference between two organisms of the same species
• the greatest difference between two organisms in an ecosystem

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In addition to sunlight, oxygen, and water, plants require the absorption of mineral nutrients from the soil. These nutrients include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The transport of these nutrients occurs in a specialized structure within the stem. What structure is responsible for this vital transport? 

• Guard Cell 
• B. Phloem 
• C. Stomata 
• D. Xylem

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The body requires energy in order to perform metabolic process. Glucose is a macromolecule used by the body to provide the necessary energy to function. The chemical bonds in glucose molecules are converted into usable forms of ATP during which process? The body requires energy in order to perform metabolic process. Glucose is a macromolecule used by the body to provide the necessary energy to function. The chemical bonds in glucose molecules are converted into usable forms of ATP during which process?

• Replication 
• B. Photosynthesis 
• C. Protein Synthesis 
• D. Cellular Respiration

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Two test tubes were filled with a solution of bromthymol blue. A student exhaled through a straw into each tube, and the bromthymol blue turned yellow. An aquatic green plant was placed into each tube, and the tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the dark, and one was placed in direct sunlight. The yellow solution in the tube in sunlight turned blue, while the one in the dark remained yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color?

• Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis. 
• B. Carbon dioxide was removed by photosynthesis.
•  C. Carbon dioxide was produced by respiration.
•  D. Oxygen was removed by respiration.

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