Vaccinations

Which type of vaccine uses a weakened version of the pathogen?

• Subunit

• Live attenuated

• Inactive

• mRNA

• Viral vector

What is an inactivated vaccine?

• An inactivated vaccine contains live microorganisms or viruses.
• An inactivated vaccine is a type of vaccine that is administered orally.
• An inactivated vaccine is a type of vaccine that is only effective for a short period of time.
• An inactivated vaccine contains killed or inactivated microorganisms or viruses.

What is a toxoid?

• A toxoid is a medication used to treat allergies.
• A toxoid is a modified toxin that has been rendered harmless but still retains its ability to stimulate the production of antibodies.
• A toxoid is a type of bacteria.
• A toxoid is a substance that enhances the toxicity of a toxin.

What is a subunit vaccine?

• A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains live, attenuated pathogens.
• A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains the entire pathogen.
• A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains only adjuvants.
• A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains only specific antigens or parts of the pathogen.

What is a conjugate vaccine?

• A conjugate vaccine is a vaccine created by combining multiple different vaccines together.
• A conjugate vaccine is a vaccine created by using a live attenuated virus.
• A conjugate vaccine is a vaccine created by injecting a weakened form of the pathogen.
• A conjugate vaccine is a vaccine created by attaching pieces from the coats of bacteria to a carrier protein.

Match the following vaccines and examples

• Tetanus vaccine

• Live-attenuated

• Pertussis, Hepatitis B, HPV vaccines

• Conjugate

• Oral polio vaccine (OPV)

• Inactivated

• Vaccines against pneumococcal bacter

• Toxoid

• Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV

• Subunit

What is a pathogen?

• A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease.
• A pathogen is a type of weather phenomenon.
• A pathogen is a type of plant.
• A pathogen is a type of medication.

Pathogens are covered with molecules called ________ that can trigger a specific immune response.

Reorder the following steps of how vaccines work:

• B cells mature into plasma B cells which produce antibodies specific to the vaccine antigen. Antibodies bind to the antigen & may prevent it from entering a cell or mark it for destruction.

• Memory cells remember the vaccine antigen and if they ever see it again in the future, they recognize it and trigger a faster immune respose.

• T cells specific to the antigen recognize it as foreign & become activated.

• B cells react to the vaccine antigen & undergo cell division producing more active B cells. Some of these mature into plasma B cells, others develop into memory B cells.

• The vaccine is captured by an Antigen-Presenting Cell which ingests it, & displays a piece of the antigen on its surface

Which cell is responsible for engulging the antigen and displaying pieces of it to ther immune cells?

• T-cell
• Antigen-presenting cell (APC)
• Red blood cell
• B-cell