Physical Science

A cart at the top of a hill is released and rolls down the hill. Which of the following describes the energy of the cart just as it reaches the bottom of the hill?

• The cart has no energy.

• The cart has maximum kinetic energy.

• The cart has maximum gravitational potential energy.

• The cart has equal gravitational potential and kinetic energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which statement best explains the energy transfer as the boy moves from Position 2 to Position 3 as shown in the image?

• The boy's potential energy is transferred to the boy's kinetic energy.

• The boy's kinetic energy is transferred to the boy's potential energy.

• The kinetic energy of the air molecules around the boy is transferred to the boy's kinetic energy.

• The boy's potential energy is transferred to the kinetic energy of the air molecules around him.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which of the following best describes the wagon’s change in energy as it coasts from Point X to Point Y?

• The wagon has more kinetic energy at point Y than at Point X

• The wagon has the same kinetic energy at Point Y and at Point X

• The wagon has more gravitational potential energy at Point Y than at point

• The wagon has the same gravitational potential energy at Point Y and at Point X

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which of the following increases when a metal spring is stretched horizontally?

• kinetic energy

• potential energy

• electrical energy

• gravitational energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

An astronaut drops a 1.0-kg object and a 5.0-kg object on the Moon. Both objects fall a total distance of 2.0 m vertically.

Which of the following best describes the objects after they have fallen a distance of 1.0 m?

• They have each lost kinetic energy

• They have each lost the same amount of potential energy

• They have each gained the same amount of potential energy

• They have each gained one-half of their maximum kinetic energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which of the following describes the mechanical energy of a cart at rest at the top of a steep hill?

• The cart has no mechanical energy

• The cart’s mechanical energy is all kinetic

• The cart’s mechanical energy is all potential

• The cart’s mechanical energy is half potential and half kinetic

The kinetic energy of the golf club at Point Y is more than the potential energy of the club at Point X as shown in the image.

Which of the following statements best explains why this fact does NOT violate the Law of Conservation of Energy?

• Gravity is constant from Point X to Point Y

• Air resistance is greater at Point Y than at Point X

• Acceleration due to gravity is greater at Point Y than at Point X

• Energy is added by the man to the golf club from Point X to Point Y

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which of the following fundamental forces is represented in the diagram?

• electromagnetic

• gravitational

• strong nuclear

• weak nuclear

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

Which list correctly ranks the four fundamental forces of nature from strongest to weakest?

• gravitational, strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and electromagnetic

• strong nuclear, gravitational, electromagnetic, and weak nuclear

• electromagnetic, gravitational, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear

• strong nuclear, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and gravitational

Between any two objects with mass, which of the following fundamental forces acts between the two objects only as an attractive force?

• electromagnetic force

• strong nuclear force

• gravitational force

• weak nuclear force

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4