Quiz about Living Earth Mendel

Question 1

In his first round of experiments, which of the following did Mendel observe in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

One trait in each pairing was dominant and appeared in all of the offspring.

Answer

A brand new trait appeared in all of the offspring.

Answer

One trait appeared in half of the offspring, and the other trait appeared in the other half of the offspring.

Question 2

Which plants that Mendel used in his experiments were true breeding?

Accepted Answer

the parental generation

Answer

first filial generation

Answer

second-filial generation

Question 3

After the first-generation plants self-pollinated, all of the second-generation plants had the same forms of the same traits.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 4

A male horse with one dominant and one recessive allele for coat color pairs with a female horse that also has one dominant and one recessive trait for coat color. If a black coat is the dominant trait, about how many of their offspring will have a chestnut coat?

Accepted Answer

one-fourth

Answer

They will all have a chestnut coat.

Answer

three-fourths

Answer

They will all have a black coat.

Question 5

What is heredity?

Accepted Answer

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

Answer

a specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring

Answer

different forms of a gene that produce the variations in a genetically inherited trait

Answer

segments of DNA that determine traits and are passed down from parent to offspring

Question 6

What is genetics?

Accepted Answer

the scientific study of heredity and variation in organisms

Answer

a specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring

Answer

different forms of a gene that produce the variations in a genetically inherited trait

Answer

segments of DNA that determine traits and are passed down from parent to offspring

Question 7

What are genes?

Accepted Answer

segments of DNA that determine traits and are passed down from parent to offspring

Answer

different forms of a gene that produce the variations in a genetically inherited trait

Answer

characteristics that cannot be passed from parent to offspring

Answer

a specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring

Question 8

Alleles are __________.

Accepted Answer

different forms of a gene that produce the variations in a genetically inherited trait

Answer

a specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring

Answer

organisms that always share the same exact traits

Answer

characteristics that cannot be passed from parent to offspring

Question 9

A trait is __________.

Accepted Answer

a specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring

Answer

organisms that always share the same exact traits

Answer

a characteristic that cannot be passed from parent to offspring

Answer

an allele that is always expressed when the allele is present

Question 10

What is a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

an allele that is always expressed when the allele is present

Answer

an allele that is only expressed when no dominant allele is present

Answer

an allele that is acquired after birth

Answer

an allele that can never be expressed

Question 11

What is a recessive allele?

Accepted Answer

an allele that is only expressed when no dominant allele is present

Answer

an allele that can never be expressed

Answer

an allele that is only expressed when there are four present

Answer

an allele that is acquired after birth

Question 12

Which kind of plants did Mendel use in his first round of experiments?

Accepted Answer

cross-pollinating

Answer

self-pollinating

Question 13

When a dominant allele is present, the recessive allele is gone forever.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 14

Alleles are different forms of genes that produce the variations in traits.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 15

A pea plant seed can be yellow or green. Seed color is __________.

Accepted Answer

a trait

Answer

an allele

Answer

a factor

Answer

a gene

Question 16

__________ control traits, such as seed color. Variation in traits, such as yellow or green seeds, is determined by __________.

Accepted Answer

Genes; alleles

Answer

Alleles; genes

Answer

Protein; enzymes

Answer

Tall parents; short parents

Question 17

A phenotype is __________.

Accepted Answer

an organism's observable traits

Answer

an organism's allele combinations for one or more genes

Answer

having two different alleles for a particular gene

Answer

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Question 18

A genotype is __________.

Accepted Answer

an organism's allele combinations for one or more genes

Answer

having two different alleles for a particular gene

Answer

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Answer

an organism's stored energy that is used to make alleles

Question 19

What is the definition of homozygous?

Accepted Answer

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Answer

having five possible alleles for a particular gene

Answer

having two different alleles for a particular gene

Answer

having only one allele for a particular gene

Question 20

What is the definition of heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

having two different alleles for a particular gene

Answer

having no alleles for a particular gene

Answer

having five possible alleles for a particular gene

Answer

having only one allele for a particular gene

Question 21

What is a Punnett square?

Accepted Answer

a chart that shows the likelihood of all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of an offspring that results from a genetic cross

Answer

a chart that shows an offspring's grandparents

Answer

a chart that shows where parents and offspring live

Answer

a chart that shows the likelihood that an offspring will survive after it is born

Question 22

An organism whose genotype is heterozygous will express the ________________________ allele.

Accepted Answer

dominant

Answer

recessive

Question 23

Which potential allele combination represents an offspring that would have a HOMOZYGOUS genotype and DOMINANT eye color trait?

Accepted Answer

BB

Answer

Bb

Answer

Bb

Answer

bb

Question 24

Why do scientists use Punnett squares?

Accepted Answer

to determine all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring that result from a genetic cross

Answer

to determine exactly what traits the grandparents of an offspring had

Answer

to predict how many offspring parents will have and when they will have them

Answer

none of these

Question 25

Having wrinkled seeds is a recessive trait in pea plants. The Punnett square below shows a cross between two pea plants and the potential allele combinations of their offspring. What is the phenotype for the allele combination in the top right corner?

Accepted Answer

rounded seed

Answer

heterozygous seed

Answer

wrinkled seed

Answer

both wrinkled seed and rounded seed

Question 26

What is the probability that the offspring of this pea plant cross will have rounded seeds?

R = rounded

Accepted Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer

Question 27

In pea plants, tall stems are dominant to short stems. A pea plant only needs one __________ allele in order to be a tall pea plant. However, it would need two __________ alleles to be a short pea plant.

Accepted Answer

dominant; recessive

Answer

recessive; dominant

Answer

purple; blue

Answer

large; small

Question 28

What is incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

when one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

Answer

when both alleles for a gene are expressed equally

Answer

when a trait is controlled by two or more genes

Answer

when two dominant alleles are expressed equally

Question 29

Complete dominance is __________.

Accepted Answer

when one allele is completely dominant and masks the other allele

Answer

when a trait is controlled by two or more genes

Answer

when both alleles for a gene are expressed equally

Answer

when a recessive allele masks a dominant allele

Question 30

What is codominance?

Accepted Answer

when both alleles for a gene are expressed equally

Answer

when a trait is controlled by two or more genes

Answer

when a recessive allele masks a dominant allele

Answer

when two dominant alleles produce a recessive allele

Question 31

Polygenic inheritance is __________.

Accepted Answer

when a trait is controlled by two or more genes

Answer

when a recessive allele masks a dominant allele

Answer

when a single gene controls multiple traits

Answer

when two dominant alleles produce a recessive allele

Question 32

Multiple alleles occurs __________.

Accepted Answer

when there are three or more possible alleles for a particular gene

Answer

when a recessive allele masks a dominant allele

Answer

when a single gene controls multiple traits

Answer

when two dominant alleles produce a recessive allele

Question 33

What are acquired traits?

Accepted Answer

characteristics that are gained by an organism after birth or learned through the environment

Answer

characteristics that are lost after birth

Answer

characteristics that are passed down from parent to offspring

Answer

characteristics that are determined by two alleles

Question 34

Four genes determine the eye color trait in aliens on Planet Moby. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

polygenic inheritance

Answer

codominance

Answer

complete dominance

Answer

incomplete dominance

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