AP Bio Evolution Lesson

Natural selection is based on all of the following except

• genetic variation exists within populations.
• populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.
• individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.
• the best–adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.

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The role that humans play in artificial selection is to

• determine who lives and who dies.
• choose which organisms breed, and which do not.
• train organisms to breed more successfully.
• create the genetic variants, which nature then selects.

What is the frequency of the dominant allele in a population of 100 individuals with the following genotypes: 30 BB, 60 Bb, 10 bb?

• 0.2
• 0.4
• 0.6
• 0.8

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Which of the following conditions will cause evolution within a population to occur?

• No mutations
• Random mating
• Natural selection
• No gene flow

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A mutation can be __________ to an organism.

• Beneficial 
• Neutral in its effect
• harmful
• All of the above

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In a population of red (dominant allele) or white flowers, the frequency of red flowers is 91%. What is the frequency of the red allele?

• 9%
• 30%
• 91%
• 70%

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Which of the following conditions is not needed for natural selection to occur in a population?

• Individuals must be able to move between populations.
• Variation must be genetically inherited.
• Certain variations allow an individual to produce more offspring that survive in the next generation.
• There must be variations in the phenotypes of individuals in the population.

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If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect that

• they should share fewer homologous structures than two more closely related organisms.
• their chromosomes should be very similar.
• they shared a common ancestor relatively recently
• they should be members of the same genus.

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Which of the following observations helped Darwin shape his concept of descent with modification?

• Species diversity declines farther from the equator.
• South American temperate plants are more similar to the tropical plants of South America than to the temperate plants of Europe.
• Fewer species live on islands than on the nearest continents.
• Birds can be found on islands located farther from the mainland than the birds' maximum nonstop flight distance.

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Which of the following principles is NOT part of Darwin’s original theory of evolution by natural selection?

• Evolution is a gradual process that occurs over long periods of time.
• Variation occurs among individuals in a population.
• Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation.
• Individuals that possess the most favorable variations have the best chance of reproducing.

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