AP Bio Unit 3 Chapter 6

Which correctly states the relationship between anabolic and catabolic pathways? (Section 6.1)

• Anabolic pathways synthesize more complex organic molecules using the energy derived from catabolic pathways.

• The flow of energy between catabolic and anabolic pathways is reversible.

• Catabolic pathways produce usable cellular energy by synthesizing more complex organic molecules.

• Degradation of organic molecules by anabolic pathways provides the energy to drive catabolic pathways.

• Energy derived from catabolic pathways is used to drive the breakdown of organic molecules in anabolic pathways.

Which does not represent an energy transformation? (Section 6.1)

• the production of ATP using phosphate from the breakdown of glucose

• the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to the production of a proton gradient across a membrane by a proton pump

• the release of carbon dioxide as glucose is broken down during cellular respiration

• the production of sugars from carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis

• All of the listed responses represent energy transformations.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Organisms are described as thermodynamically open systems. Which statement is consistent with this description? (Section 6.1)

• Heat produced by the organism is conserved in the organism and not lost to the environment.

• Organisms acquire energy from one object to another.

• Because energy must be conserved, organisms constantly recycle energy and thus need no input of energy.

• The metabolism of an organism is isolated from its surroundings.

• All of the choices are correct.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Consider the growth of a farmer's crop over a season. Which correctly states a limitation imposed by the first or second law of thermodynamics? (Section 6.1)

• Growth of the crops must occur spontaneously.

• The process of photosynthesis produces energy that the plant uses to grow.

• To obey the first law, the crops must represent an open system.

• The entropy of the universe must decrease to account for the increased entropy associated with plant growth.

• All of the choices are correct.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Which state the relevance of the first law of thermodynamics to biology? (Section 6.1)

• Energy is destroyed as glucose is broken down during cellular respiration.

• The total energy taken in by an organism must be greater than the total energy stored or released by the organism.

• Photosynthetic organisms produce energy in sugars from sunlight.

• Living organisms must increase the entropy of their surroundings.

• Energy can be freely transformed among different forms as long as the total energy is conserved.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which is the most abundant form of energy in a cell? (Section 6.1)

• mechanical energy

• kinetic energy

• electrochemical gradients

• chemical energy

• heat

According to the second law of thermodynamics, which is true? (Section 6.1)

• Energy conversions increase the order in the universe.

• The entropy of the universe is constantly decreasing.

• The total amount of energy in the universe is constant.

• All reactions produce some heat.

• All reactions produce some heat.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

If the entropy of a living organism is decreasing, which is most likely to be occurring at the same time? (Section 6.1)

• The first law of thermodynamics is being violated.

• Heat is being used by the organism as a source of energy.

• Energy input into the organism must be occurring to drive the decrease in entropy.

• In this situation, the second law of thermodynamics must not apply.

• The entropy of the organism's environment must also be decreasing.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Which has the most free energy per molecule? (Section 6.2)

• a sugar molecule

• an amino acid molecule

• a cholesterol molecule

• a starch molecule

• a fatty acid molecule

An exergonic (spontaneous) reaction is a chemical reaction that __________. (Section 6.2)

• cannot occur outside of a living cell

• leads to a decrease in the entropy of the universe

• is common in anabolic pathways

• occurs only when an enzyme or other catalyst is present

• releases free energy when proceeding in the forward direction

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4