IB Bio Option A

Louis Pasteur's experiment was set up to either accept or reject the hypothesis of

• common ancestry.

• organic molecules forming from simpler molecules.

• electrical storms.

• spontaneous generation.

Molecules hypothesized to NOT be abundant in pre-biotic earth conditions include:

• H₂

• H₂O

• O₂

• NH₃

The Miller Urey experiment used __________ to simulate electrical storms.

• electrodes

• a light bulb

• heated water to create water vapour

• radiation

At the end of a week of running the Miller-Urey experiment, _______________ were found in the experimental chamber.

• amino acids

• polypeptides

• chains of amino acids

• proteins

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It is hypothesized that monomers were able to form into polymers

• in laboratory conditions only.

• at deep sea thermal vents.

• through endosymbiosis.

• due to the formation of the cell membrane.

The benefit of a cell membrane includes

• formation of an internal environment in which optimal conditions can be maintained.

• the rigid structure forms a protective layer.

• allowing any materials to free flow in and out of the internal environment.

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The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as symbioses between separate single-celled organisms is known as

• endoeukaryotic theory.

• exosymbiotic theory.

• endosymbiotic theory.

• exoeukaryotic theory.

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The formation of membrane-bound organelles such as a the nucleus and rER is likely due to

• infoldings in the external membrane that then pinched off.

• a mutualistic relationship with a proteobacterium.

• transcription by DNA into mRNA.

• supercoiling of the nucleoid region.

The prokaryotic cell which evolved into the first mitochondria is hypothesized to have been an

• aerobic bacterium.

• anaerobic bacterium.

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Which is NOT a piece of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ribosomes similar in size to prokaryotic ribosomes.

• The inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts have proteins similar to prokaryotes.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts are roughly the same size as the nucleus.

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