Weather and Climate Study Guide

How will Atlanta's temperature most likely

compare to Tybee Island's temperature in winter?

Why?

• Atlanta will be warmer than Tybee Island. Atlanta is closer to the equator, so it gets more sunlight and the temperatures are higher.

• Tybee Island will be warmer than Atlanta. The Sun rises in Tybee Island first, giving it more time to absorb sunlight and increase the

  temperature.

• Atlanta will be warmer than Tybee Island. Ocean currents move cool, dense air along the coast, so air moving ashore from the ocean will be cool, decreasing the temperature in coastal cities.

• Tybee Island will be warmer than Atlanta. Water loses heat through evaporation more slowly than land, so air moving ashore from the ocean will be warm, increasing the temperature in coastal cities.

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How do molecules of air in direct contact with Earth's solid, warm surface absorb heat energy?

• Conduction

• Condensation

• Convection

• Diffusion

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The picture below shows the layers of the atmosphere. How does layer Z protect life on Earth?

• It reflects most light away from Earth's surface so that it does not damage plants and animals.

• It holds a lot of neon gas, which is required by the circulatory system of plants and animals.

• It contains insulating water vapor that is circulated and returned to Earth's surface.

• It contains mostly ozone, which makes this layer the warmest for living organisms.

The Sun emits particles of energy that heat Earth's atmosphere. What is the name of this phenomenon?

• Diffusion

• Radiation

• Refraction

• Reflections

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Convection in the atmosphere

• carries cool air to the poles, where it warms and rises, flowing back toward the equator.

• carries cool air to the equator, where it warms and sinks, flowing back toward the poles.

• carries hot air to the poles, where it cools and sinks, flowing back toward the equator.

• carries hot air to the equator, where it cools and rises, flowing back toward the poles.

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At the boundary between masses of hot and cold air, the winds will be

• weak and will move excess hot air to cooler areas.

• strong and will move excess hot air to cooler areas.

• weak and will move excess cold air to warmer areas.

• strong and will move excess cold air to warmer areas.

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Energy from the Sun hits Earth

• in only a few places, creating spots of high pressure.

• everywhere at once, creating uniform temperatures.

• unevenly, creating areas of high and low pressure.

• evenly, creating layers of uniform climate zones.

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The Sun transfers energy to the ground and the ocean at the same rate. Why does the difference in day and night temperatures vary between the ocean and the ground?

• The ground is made of solids, which can hold more energy and maintain a higher temperature than water.

• The ocean is made of water, which can absorb more heat energy than land without changing its temperature.

• The ocean is nearly transparent and absorbs less energy than the ground does, so it maintains a higher temperature.

• The ground is not transparent, so it reflects more energy and experiences smaller temperature changes than the ocean.

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On the coast of Georgia, warm air usually picks up water vapor over the Atlantic Ocean. What will happen when the warm, moist air moves inland over hot, dry land?

• The warm air will become cool, causing water vapor to evaporate and be absorbed by the land.

• The warm air will rise, causing water vapor to evaporate from the air and generate winds.

• The warm air will rise, causing water vapor to condense and form clouds.

• The warm air will sink, causing water vapor to condense and form snow.

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Hurricanes require a large amount of energy to form and intensify. In the Atlantic Ocean, a hurricane can develop after

• cool ocean water condenses and falls back to Earth near the Equator.

• cool ocean water evaporates and is blown by winds from western Africa.

• warm ocean water cools when meeting trade winds.

• warm ocean water heats when meeting trade winds.

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