Biology EOC Lesson

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondrion

• vacuole

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These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism.

How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different

• Mutations in the cells’ nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

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Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

• It regulates mineral concentrations in cells

• It regulates body temperature

• It maintains water balance

• It maintains sugar balance in cells

The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells?

• mitosis

• meiosis

• crossing over

• active transport

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Which statement best explains why animals are considered heterotrophic?

• They are able to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

• They are able to produce food through the process of respiration.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products

In some ecosystems, wolves have been eliminated due to their threats to humans. How can the reintroduction of wolves benefit the ecosystem?

• It can eliminate weak animals from a prey population, thereby decreasing competition for natural resources

• It can eliminate the most fit animals among the prey population, which will cause an increase in birth rates of the prey

• It can cause the prey population to migrate to other areas, resulting in more fit prey.

• It can cause the prey population to better blend in with their environment.

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What will most likely be the result as humans move into new areas, forests are clear cut and housing developments are built?

• Global temperatures will decrease because trees are removed.

• Many organisms will lose their homes because their habitats have been destroyed.

• Better sanitation in the area will reduce the amount of pollution.

• The rainfall in the area will increase because there will be increased runoff.

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What activity most contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer?

• burning of fossil fuels

• release of CFCs

• deforestation

• overuse of fertilizers

Which effect could a mutation in mRNA have on the production of proteins?

• The protein produced will have a different identity

• The protein produced will have a coiled shape.

• The protein produced will produce excess nitrogen.

• The protein produced will produce excess water

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What carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein?

• the nitrogen base on the tRNA

• the hydrogen bonding between nitrogen bases

• the sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA

• the nitrogen base bonding on the DNA molecule

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