Hmh Science Unit 4 Benchmark

. Which of these is a nonliving part of an ecosystem?

• fish

• snail

• water

• . lily pad

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What is the role of nonliving things in an ecosystem?

• They are food for the plants and animals.

• They prevent competition among populations.

• They determine which plants and animals can live there.

• They help control the effect humans might have on the ecosystem.

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Which of these is an example of an invasive species?

• Ants move soil to build their homes.

• The roots of a tree break apart rock in the ground.

• Woodpeckers search for insects in trees by pecking holes into bark.

• People brought cane toads from South America to Australia to eat pests.

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Which factor could vary between ecosystems and might limit the number of organisms a forest ecosystem can support?

• the amount of air in the ecosystem

• the slope of the hills in the ecosystem

• the number of eggs a bird lays one spring

• the number of sunny days that occur in a year

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Newly introduced plants compete with native plants for resources. Which statement describes what is likely to happen to native plants that compete with fast-growing newly introduced plants?

• Their numbers will decrease.

• Their numbers will stay the same.

• Their numbers will increase slightly.

• Their numbers will increase greatly.

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The diagram shows organisms found in a wetland. Which consumers compete for the same food?

• fish and crane

• mouse and frog

• crane, fish, and snail

• snail, mouse, and grasshopper

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Sasha drew a diagram of living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Which labels would most improve this diagram?

• air and water

• prey and predator

• producer and bacteria

• sunlight and consumer

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This diagram shows the movement of matter between some living and non-living things in a forest ecosystem. Which part of the food chain is nonliving?

• sun

• berry plant

• . jackrabbit

• bobcat

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In which way do the two consumers in this ecosystem help the producer?

• They release waste that the plant uses for nutrients.

• They release gases that allow sunlight to reach the plants.

• They eat the plant, spreading the plant’s seeds in their waste.

• They act as decomposers, breaking down materials into minerals the plant needs.

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Which of these is most likely to happen if people placed more jackrabbits in this forest?

• The number of berry plants will increase.

• The jackrabbits will compete with the bobcats for food.

• The jackrabbits will compete with each other for food.

• The amount of energy available to the bobcat will decrease.

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