Summer Biology STAAR Review Category 2

Nucleic acids are biolomolecuses. Which of the following is the function of nucleic acids?

• Serves as the primary structural unit of biological membranes.

• Serve as energy storage.

• Store and transmits genetic information

• Serve as biological catalysts

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Which biomolecule is properly matched to its monomer?

• nucleic acid: amino acid

• polypeptide: 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

• lipid: nucleotide

• carbohydrate: monosaccharide

Line B in the graph represents the reaction with an enzyme added to the substrates.

How did the enzyme affect the reaction?

• Increased the activation energy

• Increase the energy change

• Lowered the energy change

• Lowered the activation energy

One function of lipids is to store energy. What is another function of lipids in the human body?

• To for plasma membranes

• To make energy from the sun

• To control chemical reactions

• to provide quick energy for the cell

Melinda had two slides of unknown cells. She recorded her observation of one on the chart.

According to the information in the given chart, what type of cell is cell X?

• bacteria cell

• prokaryotic cell

• plant cell

• animal cell

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Which of these is a function of the cell membrane in all cells?

• Producing cellular nutrients

• Maintaining homeostasis

• Neutralizing chemicals

• Preserving cellular wastes

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The image below represents a cell with a semipermeable membrane. The process of osmosis would explain the net movement of water into a cell if the initial percentage of

• protein was 35% inside the cell and 30% outside the cell.

• water was 95% inside the cell and 90% outside the cell.

• water was 90% inside the cell and 95% outside the cell

• protein was 30% inside the cell and 35% outside the cell.

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The simplicity of prokaryotic cell prevents them from

• growing and reproducing

• responding to their environment

• forming specialized tissues and organs

• moving through their environment

Which of the following is correct about the events of the cell cycle?

• Little happens during the G₁ and G₂ phases of the cell cycle.

• DNA replicates during the S phase of interphase.

• Mitosis is usually the longest phase of the cell cycle when the cell is growing.

• Interphase consists of G₁, S, G2 phase and mitosis

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A laboratory assistant was told to watch the mitosis of a eukaryotic cell under the microscope and inform the lead scientist when the cell entered prophase. What should the assistant expect to look for to indicate the cell is in prophase

• The chromosome gathers at the opposite of the cell and uncoil, and then two new nuclear envelopes form around the genetic material.

• The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and move apart.

• The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell, and each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber

• The chromatin condenses into chromosomes the nuclear envelope breaks down and a spindle begins to form.

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