Quiz 2 Practice

Which of the following structures would be found in BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Ribosome

• Golgi complex

Answer explanation

Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis and are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In contrast, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the Golgi complex are specific to eukaryotic cells.

Which of the following structures would NOT be found in prokaryotic cells?

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosome

• Cell membrane

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, which is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. They do contain cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a cell membrane, making 'Nucleus' the correct answer.

Which of the following cells is prokaryotic?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

Answer explanation

Cell 1 is prokaryotic because it lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which are characteristic of prokaryotic cells. In contrast, Cell 2 is likely eukaryotic, having these features.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

Which of the following cells is eukaryotic?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

Answer explanation

Cell 2 is eukaryotic because it contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which are characteristic features of eukaryotic cells. In contrast, Cell 1 is likely prokaryotic, lacking these structures.

Which of the following is the largest?

• Prokaryotes

• Eukaryotes

• Viruses

Answer explanation

Eukaryotes are generally larger than prokaryotes and viruses. Eukaryotic cells can be complex and range from 10 to 100 micrometers, while prokaryotes are typically 0.1 to 5 micrometers and viruses are even smaller.

Which of the following is the smallest?

• Prokaryotes

• Eukaryotes

• Viruses

Answer explanation

Viruses are the smallest among the options listed. They are significantly smaller than prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are both cellular organisms. Viruses can only replicate inside host cells, highlighting their small size.

The endosymbiotic hypothesis aims to explain the evolution of __________ cells.

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

• Bacteria

Answer explanation

The endosymbiotic hypothesis explains the evolution of eukaryotic cells, which are complex cells with membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria and chloroplasts, derived from prokaryotic ancestors through symbiotic relationships.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which TWO organelles are commonly used as evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

• Golgi body

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Chloroplast

Answer explanation

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are key evidence for the endosymbiotic theory because they have their own DNA and double membranes, similar to prokaryotes, suggesting they originated from free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

What type of cell is shown below?

• Plant

• Animal

• Bacteria

Answer explanation

The cell shown is a plant cell, characterized by a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole. These features distinguish it from animal and bacterial cells.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

What type of cell is shown below?

• Animal

• Plant

• Bacteria

Answer explanation

The cell shown is an animal cell, characterized by its lack of a cell wall and presence of organelles like lysosomes. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have chloroplasts or a large central vacuole.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1