Ecosystems Flow of Matter and Energy

What is the energy source for producers? For consumers? For decomposers?

• Producers and consumers absorb the Sun’s energy and use it to create their own food. Decomposers break down dead organic material and absorb the energy from it.

• Producers absorb the Sun’s energy and use it to create their own food. Consumers eat either producers or other consumers to get the energy they need to function. Decomposers break down dead organic material and absorb the energy from it.

• Producers eat other producers for food and energy. Consumers eat either producers or other consumers to get the energy they need to function. Decomposers break down dead organic material and absorb the energy from it.

• Producers absorb the Sun’s energy and use it to create their own food. Consumers only producers to get the energy they need to function. Decomposers break down dead organic material and absorb the energy from it.

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Where do decomposers recycle the nutrients from dead plant and animal matter?

• In terrestrial and aquatic environments, the nutrients are eaten by consumers.

• In terrestrial environments, the nutrients are absorbed by the decomposers. In aquatic environments, the nutrients are recycled back to the water.

• In terrestrial environments, the nutrients are recycled to the soil where plants can reabsorb them. In aquatic environments, the nutrients are absorbed by the decomposers.

• In terrestrial environments, the nutrients are recycled to the soil where plants can reabsorb them. In aquatic environments, the nutrients are recycled back to the water.

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A diagram is provided. Identify an energy path starting with a producer and ending with bacteria or fungi recycling the nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil of the environment.

• Grasses (producer) → Monkey (first-level consumer) → Mongoose (third-level consumer) → Hyena (fourth-level consumer) → Bacteria and Fungi (Decomposers)

• Grasses (producer) → Termite (first-level consumer) → Impala (third-level consumer) → Hyena (fourth-level consumer) → Bacteria and Fungi (Decomposers)

• Grasses (producer) → Mouse (first-level consumer) → Mongoose (third-level consumer) → Hyena (fourth-level consumer) → Bacteria and Fungi (Decomposers)

• Grasses (producer) → Mouse (first-level consumer) → Eagle (third-level consumer) → Hyena (fourth-level consumer) → Bacteria and Fungi (Decomposers)

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A food web diagram is provided. Which of the following organisms depend only on producers for energy?

• Diatoms

• Shrimp

• Amphipods

• Squid

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Matter is passed from the living part of an ecosystem to the non-living part when which of the following takes place?

• Plants absorb gases

• Plants decompose

• Animals eat plants

• Animals drink water

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The energy organisms need to live and grow first enters the ecosystem when–

• plants take in light energy from the sun.

• decomposers break down dead organisms.

• primary consumers eat plants for food.

• secondary consumers eat primary consumers.

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A food web diagram is provided. Based on the diagram, it is reasonable to conclude that matter could follow which of the following paths as it cycles through this ecosystem?

• Sun → grass → robin

• Plant seeds → field mouse → robin

• Eagle → deer → plant seeds

• Grass → deer → mountain lion

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Examine the diagram of the food web. Using arrows, how would you label the direction of energy flow through this web?

• Starting at the edges and flowing toward the shrimp.

• Starting at the shrimp and flowing outward.

• Starting at the plankton and flowing upward.

• Starting at the birds and flowing downward.

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