Understanding the Scientific Method

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis in scientific research?

• A detailed account of an experiment's procedure.

• A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

• A summary of the results of an experiment.

• A list of variables used in an experiment.

What is the primary purpose of using a control group in an experiment?

• To ensure that the experiment is conducted ethically.

• To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental group.

• To manipulate the independent variable.

• To measure the dependent variable.

In a correlation study, what is the main limitation researchers face?

• It cannot determine the relationship between variables.

• It cannot imply causation between variables.

• It cannot measure variables accurately.

• It cannot be replicated.

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition?

• Defining intelligence as the ability to solve complex problems.

• Measuring intelligence by the score on an IQ test.

• Describing intelligence as a mental capacity.

• Explaining intelligence as a combination of skills.

What is the role of random assignment in experimental research?

• To ensure that the sample is representative of the population.

• To minimize bias by assigning participants to groups by chance.

• To select participants who are most likely to benefit from the treatment.

• To ensure that the results are statistically significant.

Which type of research method involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference?

• Case Study

• Survey

• Naturalistic Observation

• Experiment

Which of the following best describes a longitudinal study?

• Comparing different age groups at one point in time.

• Following and retesting the same group of people over time.

• Conducting an in-depth analysis of a single case.

• Observing behavior in a natural setting.

What is the main purpose of debriefing in research?

• To obtain informed consent from participants.

• To explain the study's purpose and any deception afterward.

• To ensure confidentiality of participants' information.

• To protect participants from harm.

Which statistical measure is used to describe the average of a data set?

• Median

• Mode

• Mean

• Range

What is the primary characteristic of a normal distribution?

• It is skewed to the right.

• It is skewed to the left.

• It is a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve.

• It has multiple peaks.