MS PS

There are many types of energy. One type is kinetic energy, which is the energy an object has when it is moving. Read the passage about a bike ride. Think about the kinetic energy of the person riding the bike.

Ellen was training for a bike race.

One afternoon, she grabbed her helmet

and took her bike out to the street.

She got on the bike and started to pedal,

pushing hard to start moving forward.

Which of the following is better evidence that Ellen's kinetic energy changed?

• When Ellen got on her bike, her feet were no longer touching the ground

• When Ellen started pedaling her bike, she began moving along the street

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When the amount of any type of energy changes, an energy transformation is happening. When one or more types of energy decrease, at least one other type of energy increases.This is because during energy transformations, energy is converted between different types.

Keep in mind that muscle cells use chemical potential energy when they expand or contract to move parts of a person's body.

Ellen was training for a bike race.

One afternoon, she grabbed her helmet

and took her bike out to the street. She got on the bike

and started to pedal, pushing hard to start moving forward.

When Ellen started riding, ______was converted into ______

• kinetic energy...chemical potential energy

• chemical potential energy...kinetic energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

During an energy transformation, the total amount of energy stays the same. So, when one type of energy decreases, at least one other type of energy will increase. Think about how kinetic energy, chemical potential energy, and thermal energy changed.

Ellen biked in a straight line along the street. Then, to avoid

the sun, she moved over to ride under the shade of some trees. But as she pedaled faster and sped up, Ellen started to feel hot even in the shade.

Decide how each type of energy changed:

Ellen's Thermal Energy

Chemical Potential Energy stored in Ellen's muscle cells

Ellen's kinetic Energy

• Increased;decreased;increased

• Decreased; increased;increased

• Stayed the Same; decreased;increased

• Increased;increased;increased

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Consider the following claim:

While Ellen was pedaling, chemical potential energy was converted to both kinetic energy and thermal energy.

Which piece of evidence best supports the claim?

• Ellen first rode in a straight line, and then she turned.

• Ellen used her muscles to move faster, and the effort made her hot.

• The sun was bright during Ellen's bike ride, but Ellen rode in the shade.

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During an energy transformation, some types of energy may not change.

Eventually, Ellen reached a hill.

She pedaled as hard as she could to maintain

a steady speed on her way up the hill.

As Ellen rode up the hill, her kinetic energy _____. At the same time, the chemical potential energy stored in her muscle cells _____, and the gravitational potential energy stored between her and Earth ______

• stayed the same; decreased;increased

• increased; decreased;increased

• decreased;increased;decreased

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Eventually, Ellen reached a hill.

She pedaled as hard as she could

to maintain a steady speed on her

way up the hill.

As Ellen rode up the hill _______ was converted into ______

• gravitational potential energy...chemical potential energy

• chemical potential energy---gravitational potential energy

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Consider the following claim:

While Ellen's bike was on the gravel, kinetic energy was converted to sound energy.

Which piece of evidence best supports the claim?

• Ellen was farthest from the center of the Earth when she reached the gravel at the top of the hill.

• Ellen heard the gravel crunch as her bike slowed down

• Ellen noticed herself breathing hard as she reached the top of the hill

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Based on what you learned about the bike ride, which of the following statements about energy transformations are true? Select all that apply.

• Chemical potential energy in muscle cells can be converted into kinetic energy

• In all energy transformations, kinetic energy is changes

• An energy transformation involves two or more types of energy.

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