You briefly expose bacteria undergoing DNA replication to radioactively labeled nucleotides. When you centrifuge the DNA isolated from the bacteria, the DNA separates into two classes. One class of labeled DNA includes very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long), and the other includes short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length). These two classes of DNA probably represent

leading strands and Okazaki fragments

lagging strands and Okazaki fragments.

The leading and the lagging strand s differ in that

the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3ʹ end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5ʹ end.

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction because

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3ʹ end

Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3ʹ to 5ʹ direction.

When DNA is compacted by histones into 10 nm and 30 nm fibers, the DNA is unable to interact with proteins required for gene expression. Therefore, to allow for these proteins to act, the chromatin must constantly alter its structure . Which processes contribute to this dynamic activity?

methylation and phosphorylation of histone tails

nucleotide excision and reconstruction

Based your answer on the figure: A mutation results in a defective enzyme A. Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?

an accumulation of A and no production of B and C

an accumulation of A and B and no production of C

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of the following except

DNA was the first genetic material.

a gene from an organism could theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

all organisms have a common ancestor.

the same codons in different organisms usually translate into the same amino acids.

In which of the following actions does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase ?

RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis.

RNA polymerase binds to single-stranded DNA, and DNA polymerase binds to double-stranded DNA.

RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?

3ʹ → 5ʹ along the template strand

3ʹ → 5ʹ along the coding (sense) strand

Introns are significant to biological evolution because

their presence allows exons to be shuffled.

they protect the mRNA from degeneration.

Alternative RNA splicing

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA

is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription.

When does translation begin in prokaryotic cells ?

as soon as transcription has begun

once the pre-mRNA has been converted to mRNA

Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of proteinʹs activity?

It might substitute an amino acid in the active site.

It might exchange one stop codon for another stop codon.

A frameshift mutation could result from

either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

What does the operon model attempt to explain?

the coordinated control of gene expression in bacteria

the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell

The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is

turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium

turned on only when glucose is present in the growth medium.

Transcription of the structural genes in an inducible operon

starts when the pathwayʹs substrate is present.

occurs continuously in the cell.

Altering patterns of gene expression in prokaryotes would most likely serve the organismʹs survival in which of the following ways?

allowing the organism to adjust to changes in environmental conditions

organizing gene expression so that genes are expressed in a given order

allowing environmental changes to alter the prokaryoteʹs genome

Muscle cells and nerve cells in one species of animal owe their differences in structure to

having different genes expressed.

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA , you would expect it to

have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription.

be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis.

What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes ?

to cleave nucleic acids at specific sites

to add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA

Which of the following is true of DNA Replication?

New DNA strands are being synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction

DNA is semi conservative because it creates two new strands of old nucleotide.

DNA is being synthesized in the 3' to 5' directions from a template strand

RNA is being synthesized by RNA polymerase in the 5' to 3' direction

A sense strand is created from a nonsense strand of DNA using RNA polymerase

Where does RNA polymerase bind to DNA?

downstream of the coding sequence

Which of the following occur during RNA processing? (more than 1 answer applies)

a poly-A tail and GTP cap are added

activator sequences initiate transcription

Which of the following is a similarity between the process prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms implement for protein synthesis?

Ribosomes for phosphodiester bonds between amino acids

Transcription takes place in the nucleus, translation takes place in the cytoplasm

Introns are removed by spliceosomes

RNA processing adds a cap and tail to the mature RNA strand

Transcription and translation happen simultaneously

Bacterial cells that contain pGal will fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of replacing the lacA gene in the E. coli lac operon with the gene encoding pGal?

When lacY and lac Z are breaking down and transporting lactose, the bacteria will fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light

lacZ will only produce the enzyme for breaking down galactose in the presence of ultraviolet light

the repressor enzyme will only be able to bind to the operator under the presence of lactose

When the regulatory gene is stimulated by lactose, it will cause the gene to fluoresce blue

All structural genes downstream from the placement of lacA will be inhibited due to this substitution mutation.

AP Biology Unit 6 Topic

Authored by Charles Martinez

Science

10th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.
Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

12%

24%

31%

38%

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?

hydrogen

ionic

covalent

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be found?

A = G and C = T

A + C = G + T

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of these reasons?

Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many.

Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is meant by the description ʺantiparallelʺ regarding the strands that make up DNA?

The 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction of one strand runs counter to the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction of the other strand.

One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5ʹ → 3ʹ direction?

primase

DNA ligase

DNA Polymerase

helicase

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

the nucleotide sequence of the template strand

the primase used in the reaction

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AP Biology Unit 6 Topic

Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.
Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be found?

Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of these reasons?

What is meant by the description ʺantiparallelʺ regarding the strands that make up DNA?

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5ʹ → 3ʹ direction?

What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

Which of the following separates the DNA strands during replication?

Which of the following covalently connects segments of DNA?

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AP Biology Unit 6 Topic

Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be found?

Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of these reasons?

What is meant by the description ʺantiparallelʺ regarding the strands that make up DNA?

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5ʹ → 3ʹ direction?

What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

Which of the following separates the DNA strands during replication?

Which of the following covalently connects segments of DNA?

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science

Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.
Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?