Chapter 8 Earth Science

Earth's lithosphere includes

• the liquid outer core.
• all of the crust.
• the entire mantle.
• all of the core.
• the solid inner core.

Magma circulates in convection cells in Earth's

• crust.
• asthenosphere.
• core.
• lithosphere.
• mid-ocean ridge.

The layer of soil on the surface of Earth is at the top of the

• crust.
• mantle.
• core.
• asthenosphere.
• stratosphere.

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The high temperatures at the center of Earth are thought to be the result of

• the rotation of Earth on its access.
• absorption of solar energy.
• seismic activity.
• radioactive decay.
• hot spots.

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What happens at a hot spot?

• Water rises.
• Plates spread.
• Magma rises.
• Fault zones appear.
• Magma sinks.

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Which provided evidence for the change in continent location over time?

• Fossils found in Antarctica match fossils found in Greenland.
• Identical rock formations were found on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
• Hot spots are located in parallel positions on both sides of the Pacific Ocean.
• Fossils of mammals have been found in both South America and Africa.
• Carbon dating has shown that rocks are of similar ages in South America and Africa.

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The European continent and North America are moving away from each other at a rate of 36 mm/year. Which most closely approximates how much farther apart the continents were in 2010 than when Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic in 1492?

• 0.02 km
• 0.2 km
• 180,000 mm
• 1800 mm
• 1.8 cm

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An earthquake that measures 8.0 on the Richter Scale is ____ times stronger than an earthquake that measures 5.0.

• 3
• 300
• 3000
• 1000
• 10000

Select the correct rock type connected with its mode of origin.

• Igneous: liquid magma
• Sedimentary: exposure to high temperatures and pressures
• Metamorphic: compression of mud by overlying sediments
• Sedimentary: compression of magma
• Igneous: exposure to high temperatures and pressure.

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Within the rock cycle, the three distinct categories of rocks are igneous which is derived from _____________; metamorphic which is derived from ______________; and sedimentary which is derived from __________.

• pressure; heat; the layering of sediments
• volcanoes; oceans; mountain ranges
• magma and lava; heat and pressure; the layering of sediments
• heat and pressure; magma; the formation of lakebeds
• intrusion; faulting; folding

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