NC 8th Grade Science EOG Review

What is the Law of Superposition?

• The Law of Superposition states that the oldest layers of rock are at the top and the youngest are at the bottom.

• The Law of Superposition states that in undisturbed layers of rock, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top.

• The Law of Superposition states that all layers of rock are formed simultaneously.

• The Law of Superposition states that sedimentary rocks are always younger than the rocks they overlay.

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What is an example of urban runoff?

• The discharge of oil and gasoline from vehicles into storm drains.

• Rainwater collecting in a garden pond.

• Water from a swimming pool overflowing into the street.

• Irrigation water from agricultural fields entering a river.

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What is the definition of valence electrons?

• Electrons that are found in the nucleus of an atom.

• Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in forming bonds.

• Electrons that are responsible for the mass of an atom.

• Electrons that are always paired with another electron.

What is the role of genetic variation in evolution?

• Genetic variation is essential for evolution as it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon.

• Genetic variation has no impact on evolution and is merely a byproduct of reproduction.

• Genetic variation only occurs in asexual organisms and does not affect evolutionary processes.

• Genetic variation is important for maintaining the stability of a species over time.

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What is the chemical equation for the formation of water?

• H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow H_2O

• 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow H_2O

• 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O

• H_2 + 2O \rightarrow H_2O_2

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What is the significance of recent changes in species found in rock layers?

• They provide evidence for the theory of evolution and support the Law of Superposition.

• They indicate the age of the Earth is much younger than previously thought.

• They show that species have remained unchanged over millions of years.

• They suggest that all species are equally adapted to their environments.

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What is the periodic table?

• A tabular arrangement of elements organized by increasing atomic number, showing periodic trends in properties.

• A graphical representation of chemical reactions.

• A list of all known compounds and their properties.

• A collection of all known isotopes of elements.

What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

• A physical change alters the form of a substance without changing its chemical composition.

• A chemical change only affects the physical properties of a substance.

• A physical change results in the formation of new substances.

• A chemical change can be easily reversed.

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How can genetic variation occur due to environmental changes?

• Genetic variation can occur when organisms adapt to new environments, such as an arctic fox changing its color over time when migrating to a different climate.

• Genetic variation is solely determined by the genetic makeup of an organism and is not influenced by environmental factors.

• Genetic variation occurs only through mutations in DNA and cannot be affected by external conditions.

• Genetic variation is a result of sexual reproduction and does not change with environmental shifts.

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What is an example of a chemical reaction?

• The combustion of hydrogen gas with oxygen to form water, represented by the equation 2H_2 + O_2 → 2H_2O.

• The melting of ice into water.

• The dissolution of salt in water.

• The evaporation of alcohol into vapor.

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