Chapter 10 Evolution

What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?

• variation

• adaptation

• homologous structure

• vestigial structure

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All the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a

• variation

• fossil

• population

• group

The remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a(n)

• vestigial structure

• analogous structure

• homologous structure

• fossil structure

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What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches in the Galapagos Island?

• The same species of finches lived on all the islands

• Different species of finches lived on different islands

• Various species of finches lived on just one of the islands

• Identical species of finches in South America

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Which scientist developed a classification system for organisms?

• Carolus Linnaeus

• Charles Darwin

• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

• Georges L.L. de Buffon

The tortoise from Abingdon Island, shown in Figure 10.1, would likely be better adapted than the Albermarle Island tortoise to which of the following environments?

• areas with short plants and mosses

• areas with no plants and sand dunes

• areas with lots of taller plants

• areas with only tall trees

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Which theory states that floods and earthquakes have occurred often in the Earth's history?

• uniformitarianism

• natural selection

• catastrophism

• artificial selection

The hind leg bones shown in the whale in Figure 10.2 are examples of

• homologous structures

• analogous structures

• fossil structures

• vestigial structures

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Charles Darwin found fossils that looked like ancient versions of living species. From this evidence, Darwin suggested that Earth was

• much more than 6000 years old

• less than 6000 years old

• only 6000 years old

• about 1000 years old

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What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?

• natural selection

• inheritance of acquired characteristics

• artificial selection

• descent without modification