Biology Review

What is the purpose of this process?

• To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

• To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

• To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

• To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown. Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

• Arginine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

• Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Phenylalanine

• Serine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

• Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Serine

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled. What is the purpose of this cellular process?

• Preserving genetic information for future generations

• Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template

• Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell

• Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

In the early 1900s a scientist hypothesized a link between DNA and the production of protein in the cytoplasm. However, the fact that DNA could not be found outside the nucleus led scientists to believe that another substance was also involved in the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm. In the 1940s scientists performed an experiment that ultimately identified the site of protein synthesis. They also identified the molecule responsible for transporting information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. What was the newly identified molecule?

• a gene

• mRNA

• ATP

• thymine

What is the correct order to make a protein?

• Protein, DNA, RNA

• RNA, DNA, Protein

• DNA, RNA, Protein

• Protein, RNA, DNA

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Where are proteins made?

• ER

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• mitochondria

What enzyme does transcription use?

• DNA polymerase

• ligase

• RNA polymerase

• helicase

Which RNA carries the message?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

The goal of transcription is to make RNA.

• True

• False

What is translation?

• When DNA is turned into RNA
• When RNA is turned into proteins
• When proteins are turned into DNA
• When proteins are turned in RNA