Foss Gravity and Kinetic Energy

A soccer ball is sitting still on a flat field.

What forces are acting upon it?

• The downward force of gravity.

• The upward force of the ground.

• All forces are acting on the ball.

• No forces are acting on the ball.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

If a player kicks the ball once and it moves across the grass, how would Sir Isaac Newton explain what happens to the ball?

• The ball stays at rest until another force (kick) acts upon it.

• It accelerates when in contact with the player's foot.

• Then decelerates from friction until it stops.

• No forces are acting on the ball.

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A bowling ball is rolling down a ramp with a certain amount of kinetic energy. Which change to the system will increase the ball’s kinetic energy most?

• Doubling the weight of the bowling ball.

• Doubling the mass of the bowling ball.

• Doubling the speed of the bowling ball.

• Doubling the volume of the bowling ball.

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At the start, the ball had ______________________ energy, which transferred to _______________________ energy as it rolled down the ramp. When the ball reached its highest point on the other side of the ramp, all its energy transferred to ________________________energy.

• potential, potential, potential

• kinetic, kinetic, kinetic

• kinetic, potential, kinetic

• potential, kinetic, potential

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A motor boat is traveling 10 m/s on a sunny calm day. The driver turns off the engine. Apply Newton’s first law to explain what happens to the boat as it glides through the water.

• The boat moves slower and slower.

• The boat moves at a constant speed.

• The boat moves at constant speed for a while and then slows down.

• The boat slows down for a while and then moves at constant speed.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Why would the boat move slower and slower.

• Once the force exerted by the boat engine is removed, friction between the water and boat (and the air and the boat) will decelerate the boat.

• Once the force exerted by the boat engine is removed, friction between the water and boat (and the air and the boat) will accelerate the boat.

• There is no force exerted on the boat.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

While playing hockey, player 1 is speeding down the rink, and doesn’t see player 2 standing still on the ice.

Player 1 collides with player 2.

Explain what happens to the kinetic energy and motion of each player during the collision.

• When player 1 collided with player 2, player 1's kinetic energy transferred to player 2.

• Player 1 could slow down, stop , change direction, or fall, while player 2 would begin moving away from the collision point and possibly fall.

• Player 1 will run into player 2 and player 2 will not move at all.

• Both players will stop immediately and no energy will be transferred.

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A teacher throws a tennis ball straight up into the air.

At what point does the ball have the most potential energy?

• Right after the ball leaves the teacher’s hand.

• Just before the ball hits the ground.

• When the ball is at its highest position.

• As the ball begins to slow down.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

A teacher throws a tennis ball straight up into the air.

At what point does the ball have the most kinetic energy?

• Right after the ball leaves the teacher’s hand.

• Just before the ball hits the ground.

• When the ball is at its highest position.

• As the ball begins to slow down.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Explain how Earth causes changes in the ball’s potential and kinetic energy.

• Earth's gravity is the Force increasing the ball's potential energy the further it is from the Earth's surface, and increases the ball's kinetic energy as it falls toward Earth.

• Earth's energy is the Force decreasing the ball's potential energy the closer it is from the Earth's surface, and decreases the ball's kinetic energy as it falls toward Earth.

• Earth's gravity is the Force decreasing the ball's kinetic energy the further it is from the Earth's core, and decreases the ball's kinetic energy as it falls toward the Moon.

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