Logical Fallacies

Latin for "to the man"; occurs when a speaker tries to shift focus away from an issue or claim by attacking the opponent's character rather than argument

• Appeal to emotion

• Circular Reasoning

• Ad Hominem

• False Analogy

Silly or Nonsensical, it is used to make the audience remember a product

• Non-Sequitur

• Slippery Slope

• Poisoning The Well

• Bandwagon

Occurs when a speaker intentionally oversimplifies or distorts an opponent's argument in order to make it easier to refuse

• Tu Quoque

• Appeal To Fear

• False Analogy

• Straw Man

Occurs when a relatively minor first event is said to inevitably lead to a larger (often disastrous) final event

• Appeal To Tradition

• Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

• Slippery Slope

• Bandwagon

Occurs when a speaker pretends there are only two possible choices or outcomes when, in fact, many exist

• Ad Hominem

• False Dilemma

• Appeal to False Authority

• Tu Quoque

Occurs when the speaker makes the false assumption that because two things are alike in one respect, they must be alike in others

• Hasty Generalization

• Red Herring

• Circular Reasoning

• False Analogy

Occurs when the speaker uses the claim itself as evidence for the claim

• Appeal To Tradition

• Circular Reasoning

• Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

• Appeal To Fear

Occurs when a speaker draws broad conclusions based on a relatively small set of examples

• Bandwagon

• Poisoning The Well

• False Analogy

• Hasty Generalization

Occurs when a speaker attempts to persuade based on the fact that "everyone does it" or "everyone thinks this"

• Appeal To False Authority

• Straw Man

• Appeal To Emotion

• Bandwagon

Latin for "you also"; a type of Ad Hominem fallacy that occurs when a speaker tries to invalidate an argument by claiming the speaker is hypocritical

• Tu Quoque

• Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

• Straw Man

• False Dilemma