Unit 3: Russian Civil Society

What does the term "foreign agents" refer to in Russian law?

• Groups that are funded by the Russian government

• Groups participating in political activity and receiving foreign funding

• Foreign diplomats working in Russia

• International businesses operating in Russia

What event triggered the 2011–2012 protests in Russia?

• Economic recession

• Widespread election fraud during the 2011 parliamentary elections

• Environmental disaster

• A new tax law

How did the Russian government respond to protests following allegations of election fraud?

• By ignoring the protests

• By making some concessions and increasing restrictions on civil society

• By immediately implementing all protester demands

• By holding new elections

What is one challenge faced by the LGBTQ rights movement in Russia?

• Lack of international support

• Anti-LGBTQ propaganda laws

• Overwhelming public support

• Government funding

How does the Russian government use referendums to strengthen its legitimacy?

• By ignoring public opinion

• By demonstrating public support for government policies

• By allowing opposition parties to lead the process

• By holding them in secret

What are civil rights and liberties, and how has the Russian government restricted them under Putin?

• Economic rights; by increasing taxes

• Political rights; by allowing free elections

• Freedoms of speech, press, and assembly; by prosecuting journalists and controlling media

• Religious rights; by building more churches

Who is Alexei Navalny, and why is he significant in Russian civil society?

• A government official known for economic reforms

• An opposition leader and anti-corruption activist

• A famous Russian athlete

• A popular musician

What were the causes of the First Chechen War?

• Economic sanctions

• Chechnya’s declaration of independence

• A natural disaster

• A border dispute with Ukraine

How has the Russian government addressed ethnic and religious divisions in Chechnya?

• By granting full independence

• By using military force and co-opting local leaders

• By ignoring the region

• By promoting international mediation

What role does the Russian Orthodox Church play in shaping government policies, particularly regarding LGBTQ rights?

• It opposes all government policies

• It has no influence on government policies

• It influences policies by emphasizing traditional values

• It supports LGBTQ rights