Correlation Causation

Correlation or Causation: when it rains several inches, the water level of a lake increases?

• Correlation

• Causation

Which example shows CAUSATION?

• Stress level and desire for chocolate.

• Eating more butter and increased divorce rates.

• It started raining and the baseball game was delayed.

Which example shows CORRELATION?

• I ate a hananero pepper and my mouth feels like it is on fire.

• Music lessons and brain development.

• I stepped on a spider and it died.

The correlation coefficient "r" is a value between

• 0 and 1

• 0 and 100

• -1 and 1

• -2 and 2

Which of the following statements shows a relationship that is correlated but not causal?

• The amount of rainfall received and level of water in the lake.

• The number of lights left on each day and the amount of the electric bill. 

• The increase of warm, sunny days and the number of ice cream vendors visible. 

• The number of hours worked and how much money is made.

Which of the following statements shows a causal relationship and not just a correlated one?

• individual's decision to work in construction and his diagnosis of skin cancer. 

• decrease in temperature and the increase in attendance at an ice skating rink. 

• As a child's weight increases so does her vocabulary. 

• number of minutes spent exercising and the amount of calories burned. 

According the concept of _____________, events occur in predictable, nonrandom ways. One event leads to another.

• correlations

• dependent variables

• causation

• sociology

Car owners tend to live longer than people who do not own a car

• Causation

• Correlation without causation

Estimate the value of r:

• 0.83

• 0.10

• - 0.75

• 1