Statistical Reasoning

Julio is playing a game where he earns points for predicting what color marble pops out of the machine next. The marbles are not returned after they pop out of the machine. Right now there are 2 red marbles, 3 blue marbles, 3 green marbles and 4 yellow marbles. Julio is debating if he should predict that the next two marbles are both yellow OR if the first will be a yellow and the second will be a blue marble. Which pair of events has the higher probability?

• The next two marbles has a higher probability.

• The first marble being yellow and the second marble being blue has the higher probability.

• The two events have the same probability

• Both of these events are impossible in the given situation.

What percentage of the data falls between 15 and 19?

• 0

• 15%

• 25%

• 50%

Which of the following is NOT true?

• Store 1 has a lower minimum profit.

• Store 2 has a higher median profit.

• Both stores have a Q3 of 475.

• Store 2's upper extreme is greater than store 1's upper extreme.

What is the correlation?

• Positive

• Negative

• No Correlation

What is the correlation?

• Positive

• Negative

• No Correlation

The graph shows the relationship between ice cream sales and the outdoor temperature. Which of the following can be concluded from the graph?

• There is no relationship between outdoor temperature and ice cream sales.

• The warmer it is, the more ice cream is sold.

• The cooler it is the more ice cream is sold.

• There is a varied relationship between the outdoor temperature and ice cream sales.

Which line makes the best line of best fit?

• Purple

• Green

• None of these

• Red

Use the line of best fit to estimate the population of the US if the year was 2010.

• 99 million

• 200 million

• 225 million

• 300 million

The manager of a high school cafeteria is planning to offer several new types of food for student lunches in the following school year.  She wants to know if each type of food will be equally popular so she can start ordering supplies.  To find out, she selects a random sample of 100 students and asks them, "Which type of food do you prefer: Asian food, Mexican food, pizza, or hamburgers?"  Here are the data in the table provided.  Identify the p-value and decide which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion?

• Because 0.0129 is less than α = 0.05, fail to reject H₀.  There is convincing evidence that the food choices are equally popular.

• Because 0.0129 is less than α = 0.05, reject H₀.  There is convincing evidence that the food choices are not equally popular.

• Because 0.0289 is less than α = 0.05, reject H₀.  There is convincing evidence that the food choices are not equally popular.

• Because 0.0289 is less than α = 0.05, fail to reject H₀.  There is not convincing evidence that the food choices are equally popular.

Recent revenue shortfalls in a midwestern state led to a reduction in the state budget for higher education.  To offset the reduction, the largest state university proposed a 25% tuition increase.  It was determined that such an increase was needed simply to compensate for the lost support from the state.  Separate random samples of 50 freshmen, 50 sophomores, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors from the university were asked whether they were strongly opposed to the increase, given that it was the minimum increase necessary to maintain the university's budget at current levels.  The results are in the table provided.  Why hypotheses would be appropriate for performing a chi-square test?

• The null hypothesis is that the closer students get to graduation, the less likely they are to be opposed to tuition increases.  The alternative is that how close students are to graduation makes no difference in their opinion.

• The null hypothesis is that the mean number of students who are strongly are opposed is the same for each of the 4 years.  The alternative is that the mean is different for at least 2 of the 4 years.

• The null hypothesis is that the distribution of student opinion about the proposed tuition increase is the same for each of the 4 years at the university.  The alternative is that the distribution is different for at least 2 of the 4 years.

• The null hypothesis is that year in school and student opinion about the tuition increase in the sample are independent.  The alternative is that these variables are dependent.