Power of Jet Propulsion and Rocket Engines

Who flew the first powered airplane? (choose two)

• Wilbur Wright

• Nate Saint

• Amelia Earhart
• Orville Wright

All aircraft until about 1940 had a piston engine that turned a (a)   to pull the airplane through the air.

• prop
• afterburner
• turbofan

Match each term to the correct description.

• Turbojet

• Jet engine that functions at very high speeds; No turbine to compress air entering engine, so must move rapidly through the air before it can operate. Another engine must be used to build up speed to start it. Air rushing into engine is forced through narrow opening before mixing with fuel

• Turbofan

• Uses a jet engine to power a propeller; works much like the turbojet except its turbine is connected to gears which turn the propeller

• Ramjet

• A turbojet with a large fan added at the very front of the engine

• Afterburner

• More fuel is burned producing more heating and expansion of gases and giving a great deal of extra forward power

• Turboprop

• Simplest gas turbine engine where air is sucked in at front of engine, then passes through a series of rapidly spinning fanlike blades. Air flows into combustion chamber where fuel is sprayed and burned. Gases rotate turbine that spin fan blades at front of engine. After passing turbine, gases rush with great force out of nozzle at rear of the engine, which thrusts the engine forward

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-3

NGSS.MS-ETS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

🛫 (a)   are used in most modern jet aircraft.

🛫 (b)   are used to propel smaller commercial airplanes.

🛫 (c)   work best in missiles.

• Turbofan engines
• Turboprop engines
• Ramjet engines

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

Steam, piston, and jet engines all use ______ from the air to burn their fuels.

• nitrogen
• carbon dioxide
• hydrogen
• oxygen

Answer explanation

Because all of these engines depend on air for their supply of oxygen, they would not work underwater.

_______ engines also need oxygen in order to burn fuel, but they do not get their oxygen from the air. They carry their own supply, which means they can run in places where air doesn't exist, like underwater or outer space.

• Rocket

• Diesel

• Steam

🚀​ (a)   is the cargo that rides in the nose of a rocket.

🚀​ (b)   are guided military rockets.

​🚀 (c)   are small, short-range rockets used for signaling.

​🚀 ​The (d)   is the narrow opening at the tail end of the rocket.

​🚀 The ​ (e)   is the place in a rocket where fuel is burned.

​🚀

• Flares
• Missiles
• Payload
• Nozzle
• Combustion chamber

All early rockets had​ (a)   -fuel engines. The only real difference between these early and modern engines is in the propellant. Early rockets burned gunpowder, but modern ones can burn a variety of different chemical fuels.

• solid
• liquid

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

🔷​ (a)   engines are best suited for all small, short-range rockets, such as fireworks and flares, and most military rockets.

🔷​ (b)   engines can only be used in large rockets with enough space to house the necessary fuel tanks, fuel pumps, tubing, and combustion chamber.

• Solid
• Liquid

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

______ are chemical compounds rich in oxygen.

• Payloads

• Propellants

• Oxidants

• Turbines