Astronomy 1.A Scientist Review

Who is often considered the first to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, suggesting that the Earth and planets orbit around the Sun?

• Galileo

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Johannes Kepler

• Aristotle

Which scientist first calculated the circumference of the Earth with remarkable accuracy by measuring shadows in different cities?

• Aristotle

• Ptolemy

• Erastothenes

• Aristarchus

Who developed the three laws of planetary motion, showing that planets move in elliptical orbits?

• Isaac Newton

• Johannes Kepler

• Galileo

• Claudius Ptolemy

This astronomer published the Almagest, which described a geocentric model of the universe that remained influential for over 1000 years:

• Aristotle

• Aristarchus

• Claudius Ptolemy

• Eratosthenes

Who first used a telescope for astronomical observations, discovering Jupiter's four largest moons and the phases of Venus?

• Johannes Kepler

• Galileo

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Isaac Newton

This scientist proposed that the Earth is one of six planets that orbit the Sun along circular paths:

• Aristotle

• Aristarchus

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Claudius Ptolemy

Who developed the universal law of gravitation, explaining both planetary motion and the behavior of objects on Earth?

• Isaac Newton

• Galileo

• Johannes Kepler

• Aristotle

Which ancient Greek astronomer was the first known person to propose that the Earth rotates daily and revolves annually around the Sun?

• Ptolemy

• Aristotle

• Aristarchus

• Eratosthenes

This scientist taught that the universe was divided into two regions: the imperfect, changeable Earth below the Moon, and the perfect, unchanging heavens above:

• Aristotle

• Ptolemy

• Newton

• Copernicus

Who discovered that Mars' orbit was elliptical rather than circular, challenging the ancient belief that celestial motions must be perfect circles?

• Galileo

• Johannes Kepler

• Isaac Newton

• Nicolaus Copernicus