Kinetic Particle Theory (Basics)

What are the three main states of matter?

• solid, liquid, plasma

• gas, liquid, crystal

• plasma, vapor, foam

• solid, liquid, gas

Describe the process of melting in terms of particle movement.

• Melting is the process where solid particles gain energy, vibrate more, and transition into a liquid state.

• Melting is the process where gas particles condense into a liquid state.

• During melting, particles move closer together and form a solid.

• Melting occurs when liquid particles lose energy and solidify.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

How does kinetic energy relate to the temperature of a substance?

• Kinetic energy remains constant regardless of temperature.

• Kinetic energy is unrelated to temperature.

• Kinetic energy increases with temperature.

• Kinetic energy decreases with temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

What happens to the particles in a gas when it is cooled?

• The particles in a gas move faster and spread apart.

• The particles in a gas move slower and come closer together.

• The particles in a gas remain unchanged in speed and distance.

• The particles in a gas become solid and stop moving.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Explain the phase change from liquid to gas.

• The phase change from liquid to gas is called condensation.

• The phase change from liquid to gas is called vaporization.

• The phase change from liquid to gas is called sublimation.

• The phase change from liquid to gas is called freezing.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy?

• Kinetic energy decreases as temperature increases.

• Temperature has no effect on kinetic energy.

• Temperature is directly proportional to kinetic energy.

• Temperature is inversely proportional to kinetic energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

How do particles behave in a solid compared to a liquid?

• In a solid, particles move freely like in a gas; in a liquid, they are fixed in place.

• In a solid, particles flow easily; in a liquid, they vibrate in fixed positions.

• In a solid, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in a liquid, they move freely and can flow.

• In a solid, particles are in constant motion; in a liquid, they are completely still.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What is condensation and how does it occur?

• Condensation is the process of liquid water turning into water vapor when heated.

• Condensation occurs only in high humidity environments regardless of temperature.

• Condensation is the evaporation of water that happens during the day.

• Condensation is the process of water vapor turning into liquid water, occurring when air cools and loses its capacity to hold moisture.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

How does increasing temperature affect the motion of particles?

• Particles become stationary with increased temperature.

• Increasing temperature causes particles to move faster.

• Temperature has no effect on particle motion.

• Increasing temperature causes particles to move slower.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4