Understanding Mass Movement

What are the main types of mass movement?

• Avalanches

• Tsunamis

• Landslides, Mudflows, Slumps, Creep, Rockfalls

• Earthquakes

Identify two causes of mass movement.

• Earthquake activity

• Wind erosion

• Gravity and water saturation

• Volcanic eruptions

How does mass movement affect the landscape?

• Mass movement reshapes the landscape by transporting materials and creating new landforms.

• Mass movement is solely responsible for creating water bodies.

• Mass movement only affects the climate, not the landforms.

• Mass movement has no impact on the landscape.

Describe a case study of a significant mass movement event.

• 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

• 2015 Nepal earthquake

• 2011 Japan tsunami

• 2010 Haiti earthquake

What measures can be taken to prevent mass movement?

• Increase urban development without planning

• Remove all vegetation from slopes

• Ignore geological surveys and assessments

• Implement proper land use planning, restore vegetation, improve drainage, stabilize slopes, and monitor geological conditions.

How does climate influence the occurrence of mass movement?

• Temperature changes do not influence soil moisture.

• Mass movement is solely caused by human activity.

• Climate affects mass movement by altering soil moisture, temperature, and stability.

• Climate has no effect on soil stability.

What role does vegetation play in mass movement?

• Vegetation only affects water drainage, not mass movement.

• Vegetation has no impact on soil stability or mass movement.

• Vegetation increases soil erosion and promotes mass movement.

• Vegetation helps stabilize soil and reduces the risk of mass movement.

Explain the difference between landslides and mudflows.

• Landslides involve the movement of rock and soil, while mudflows are water-saturated soil and debris flowing like a liquid.

• Landslides are caused by earthquakes, while mudflows are always triggered by volcanic activity.

• Landslides occur only in mountainous regions, whereas mudflows can happen anywhere.

• Landslides consist solely of water, while mudflows are made up of solid rock.

What are the long-term effects of mass movement on human settlements?

• Strengthened community bonds and cultural exchange.

• Greater access to education and healthcare services.

• Improved infrastructure, increased tourism, and enhanced agricultural productivity.

• Destruction of infrastructure, loss of arable land, displacement of communities, economic decline, and increased vulnerability to disasters.

How can technology be used to monitor mass movement risks?

• Relying solely on historical data without real-time monitoring.

• Implementing manual surveys of affected areas after a disaster.

• Using social media to track public sentiment about landslides.

• Utilizing remote sensing, ground sensors, and data analytics for early warning.