Unit 3 IFA Review

How are the crust and the inner core ALIKE?

• They are both solid.

• They both have the same temperature.

• They are both under the same pressure.

• They are both very close to the center of the Earth.

The Hawaiian Islands are located on the Pacific Plate, which is a tectonic plate that is mostly beneath the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Plate is one of the largest tectonic plates on Earth, and it is constantly moving northwestward. Because of this, the Hawaiian Islands experience -

• erosion.

• tornadoes.

• hurricanes.

• volcanic eruptions.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

This model is supposed to help students understand how a volcano works. With that purpose in mind, what is a limitation of this model?

• The comparative size of the volcano is inaccurate.

• The parts of the volcano are not accurately labeled.

• The parts are shown but the explanation must be inferred.

• The model would provide a better explanation if it was in color.

The edges of some cracks push under the edges of neighbouring cracks.

The shell rises up along the edges of some cracks.

Pieces fall off along some of the edges, leaving gaps in the shell.

A teacher taps on a hardboiled egg until cracks appear on the surface. She gently presses the egg between her fingers and thumb. The students observe some changes in the egg shell, a few of which are presented in the table. What is the teacher trying to model?

• weathering of rocks

• retreating glaciers

• formation of volcanoes

• tectonic plate movements

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

There are over 100 elements in the universe. In the earth's crust and upper mantle, which statement is most accurate about the elements found there?

• Carbon is in all compounds found on Earth.

• Most of Earth is made up of only a few elements.

• Earth's crust and upper mantle are made up of only 4 elements.

• All the elements can easily be found anywhere in the crust and upper mantle.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Earth's layers formed as a result of differentiation. During differentiation, elements and compounds formed varied layers of minerals. Minerals with low densities tend to crystallize from magma at cooler temperatures; minerals with greater densities crystallize at higher temperatures. Think about the zones or layers of the Earth. We would expect the rocks in the upper mantle of the lithosphere to have a high proportion of

• finely crystallized, dense minerals.

• heavier, denser minerals such as galena.

• less dense minerals that form rocks such as granite.

• minerals that contain heavy metals such as iron and nickel.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Observe the plate boundary shown here. What type of plate boundary is this? Many geologic events occur at these boundaries. Some are shown, but one is missing. Examine the diagram. Select the geologic event you would predict occurring at this plate boundary.

• convergent oceanic-oceanic plate boundary; volcano

• convergent oceanic-continental plate boundary; earthquake

• divergent oceanic-oceanic plate boundary; sea floor spreading

• convergent continental-continental plate boundary; mountain building

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The inner and outer core of the earth (C), beneath the mantle (B), are the deepest and hottest layers. The inner core is made of iron and nickel and lies at the very center of the Earth. It has a temperature of about 5,500 °C, is about 1,220 km in diameter, and is surrounded by the liquid outer core. What is another characteristic of the inner core?

• It is a molten mass of magma, much like the mantle.

• It fluctuates between solid and liquid, depending on the temperature.

• The pressure there is so great that it cannot melt and it is solid.

• It rises up through the other layers of Earth to become the magma of volcanoes.

Which diagram correctly labels the four layers of Earth?

• 
• 
• 
• 

A convecting mantle is an essential feature of plate tectonics and contributes to the formation of both igneous and metamorphic rocks. Where does the thermal energy that drives these convection currents come from?

• The convection of the mantle is driven by the heat gradient within the mantle layer itself.

• The convection of the mantle is a product of the transfer of heat from the core to the lower mantle.

• The convection of the mantle is the result of the radioactive decay of nickel occurring within the core.

• The heat is the frictional heat from the rotating fluids within the core of the Earth which rises up into the mantle.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1