Review 18 - 19

How did the emphasis on cash-crop agriculture in European colonies affect African and Asian farmers?

• It was the impetus for industrial revolutions in the countryside of Asia and Africa.

• It paved the way for successful farmers to gain political privileges and power.

• It encouraged them to join independence movements in Asia and Africa.

• It made them vulnerable to price fluctuations in the international market.

Which of the following reflects the effect of colonial rule in Africa on the lives of women?

• Women were increasingly confined to the home in accordance with European norms.

• Women were barred from engaging in trade and were confined to domestic service.

• Women lost their central role in producing food for their families and became dependent.

• Women of impoverished families became heads of household in the absence of men.

How did the spread of Western education affect colonial society?

• It created a new class of elites who saw themselves as a modernizing vanguard in the regeneration of their societies.

• It resulted in Europeans treating people in Africa, Asia, and Oceania as equal partners rather than as colonial subjects.

• It provoked a complete rejection of Western civilization and a return to traditional customs and practices.

• It strengthened confidence in local gods and contributed to a cultural renaissance centered on native traditions.

The centerpiece of Sergei Witte's Russian industrial policy was

• a massive program of railway construction.

• his plan to emancipate the serfs.

• cooperative trading and intellectual exchange programs with the United States.

• his plan to fund the construction of large factories initially with money made from exporting opium.

Which of the following reflects a contradiction in Western imperialism in the nineteenth century?

• The identification of certain segments of colonial society as "martial races"

• The masculinization of colonial rulers and the feminization of colonial subjects

• Europeans' reluctance to encourage modernization in their colonies

• The role of scientific racism in the classification of colonial populations

Which of the following was a consequence of nineteenth-century European imperialism for colonized societies?

• The industrialization of most of Asia and Africa by the end of the nineteenth century

• The incorporation of colonial populations into European society on a basis of equality

• The integration of colonial economies into a global network of exchange centered in Europe

• The ending of poverty and exploitation in areas where colonial rule was the strongest

Which of the following characterizes the goal of the Tanzimat reforms initiated by the Ottoman leadership in the mid-nineteenth century?

• To strengthen the power of the Janissaries and give more autonomy to the ulama

• To clarify and reaffirm the religious principles for a renewed Muslim state

• To confirm the fundamentally Islamic character of the Ottoman Empire

• To establish an economic, social, and legal base for a strong centralized state

What did the Young Turks advocate?

• A regime based on Wahhabi principles

• A militantly secular Turkish state

• A jihad against all non-Muslims

• A religious war against the West

In what respect were Qing China and the Ottoman Empire similar in the nineteenth century?

• Both were semi-colonies within the informal empires of Europe.

• Both successfully strengthened and centralized their states.

• Both lost their independence to Japan in the late nineteenth century.

• Both created industrial economies that made them equal to Europe.

Which of the following was a goal of the Young Ottomans?

• The overthrow of the Ottoman Empire and restoration of the caliphate

• The replacement of the ulama by the reinvigorated Janissaries

• The creation of a theocratic state based on Islamic principles

• The creation of a European-style parliamentary, constitutional regime