Essential Academic Vocabulary: Biology (List 3)

The (a)   controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material.

• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Ribosome
• Cytoplasm

Synonym/Antonym: What is a synonym of "permeable"?

• Sealed

• Absorbent

• Flexible

• Open

Definition-based: What does "mitochondrion" mean in this sentence? "The mitochondrion provides energy for the cell's activities."

• A storage unit for nutrients

• A structure that produces energy

• A part that contains DNA

• A component of the cell membrane

Context clues: Using context clues, what does "osmosis" mean in this passage? "Osmosis is how water moves through a cell membrane to balance the concentrations of solutes."

• A type of cell division

• Movement of water molecules

• Energy production process

• Exchange of gases

Word usage: The word "photosynthesis" is used in this sentence: "Plants use photosynthesis to produce food from sunlight." What does "photosynthesis" mean?

• The process of breaking down food for energy

• The production of oxygen by plants

• The use of sunlight to make food

• A method for water absorption

Fill-in-the-blank: Choose the word that best completes the sentence. "During ________, cells divide to produce new identical cells."

Synonym/Antonym: What is an antonym of "prokaryote"?

• Eukaryote

• Multicellular

• Single-celled

• Specialized

Definition-based: What does "organelle" mean in this sentence? "Each organelle in a cell performs a specific function, such as energy production or protein synthesis."

• A small part inside a cell with a specific job

• A storage unit for water

• A layer that protects the cell

• A process of division

Context clues: Using context clues, what does "respiration" mean in this sentence? "Cellular respiration converts food into energy the cell can use."

• A type of cell division

• Breaking down food for energy

• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

• A protective function

Word usage: The word "nucleolus" is used in this sentence: "The nucleolus, found inside the nucleus, is where ribosomes are made." What does "nucleolus" mean?

• A smaller structure within the nucleus

• A part of the cell membrane

• The powerhouse of the cell

• A process of energy production