Why is gradual cooling important during the shutdown of reactors?

To prevent thermal shock to equipment.

To facilitate rapid catalyst removal.

To reduce monitoring requirements.

Why is monitoring oxygen levels critical during start-up operations?

To prevent explosions in hydrocarbon systems.

To ensure complete combustion of feedstock.

To increase process efficiency.

How does the feedstock temperature affect start-up of distillation units?

Low temperatures can delay vaporization.

High temperatures improve pump efficiency.

Stable temperatures increase shutdown rates.

Sudden drops improve product yield.

Fluctuations reduce safety concerns.

In shutdown procedures, what is the purpose of depressurizing the system?

To avoid equipment damage from overpressure.

To reduce catalyst effectiveness.

What is the primary role of cooling water systems during shutdown?

To control residual heat in equipment.

To stop feedstock flow completely.

To maintain high reactor pressure.

To adjust final product viscosity.

What is the purpose of steam tracing during the start-up of pipelines in oil refineries?

To prevent solidification of viscous hydrocarbons.

To increase the flow rate of gases.

To ensure rapid cooling of the system.

Why is gradual heating necessary for furnaces during start-up?

To avoid thermal stress in refractory lining.

To achieve immediate combustion.

To cool down feedstock before processing.

To eliminate pressure build-up in pipelines.

To avoid purging the system with nitrogen.

What is the main reason for circulating inert gas in compressors during shutdown?

To prevent contamination by atmospheric moisture.

To increase process temperature.

To enhance lubrication of moving parts.

To minimize noise during stoppage.

To prepare for immediate restart.

What is the first step in handling a sudden drop in pressure during start-up?

Inspect for leaks in the system.

Increase the feedstock flow rate.

Add more catalyst to the reactor.

During an emergency shutdown, what is the primary role of safety valves?

Relieve excess pressure safely.

Why is controlled depressurization important in cracking units?

To avoid sudden equipment damage.

To stop polymerization reactions.

To reduce the boiling point of hydrocarbons.

To maintain high operating temperatures.

What is the purpose of draining liquids from separators during shutdown?

To prevent corrosion or freezing.

To accelerate product recovery.

To adjust downstream temperatures.

In case of a flare system malfunction, what should operators prioritize?

Immediate system isolation and safe depressurization.

Increasing feedstock supply to balance pressure.

Redirecting product to storage tanks.

Monitoring lab analyses of output.

Reducing steam pressure in nearby boilers.

What is the significance of maintaining a stable reflux ratio during start-up?

To achieve desired separation efficiency.

To increase feed temperature rapidly.

To reduce heat losses in the column.

To facilitate rapid product collection.

To prevent fouling in pipelines.

During shutdown, why is it essential to remove hydrocarbons from a reactor?

To avoid the formation of explosive mixtures.

To prepare for catalyst addition.

To accelerate equipment cooling.

To enhance heat exchanger efficiency.

What is the main challenge in starting a hydrotreating process?

Ensuring proper hydrogen flow to the reactor.

Avoiding high nitrogen concentration in feed.

Reducing reaction rates at the start.

Preventing water contamination.

Before starting up a distillation unit, what should be done to the column trays?

Inspect and ensure they are free of debris.

Heat them up directly with feedstock.

Clean them with high-pressure water only.

Operate the reboiler without a load.

What is the main reason for gradual heating during the start-up of a reforming unit?

To prevent thermal cracking of feedstock.

To reduce the catalyst regeneration rate.

To maintain a constant pressure in the system.

To avoid excessive water vapor generation.

During start-up, why is the feed rate gradually increased in a fractionation column?

To avoid flooding of the trays.

To stabilize product temperature.

To increase reboiler efficiency.

To reduce column operating pressure.

Which system is activated first during the normal start-up of an oil refining plant?

Utility systems like steam and cooling water.

Fractionating column reflux system.

What type of flow regime is desired during start-up to avoid equipment damage?

Laminar flow in pipes and heat exchangers.

Turbulent flow in distillation columns.

Two-phase flow in cooling systems.

What is the purpose of nitrogen purging during start-up?

To displace oxygen and prevent explosive mixtures.

To cool down heat-sensitive equipment.

To enhance reaction rates in reactors.

To clean pipelines and separators.

To maintain higher process pressures.

What is the first step in shutting down a furnace in an oil refining unit?

Gradually reduce the fuel supply.

Stop the cooling water circulation.

Immediately shut off all utilities.

What is a key reason for using steam purging during shutdown?

To remove hydrocarbon residues and prevent fouling.

To increase the final product flow rate.

To decrease equipment thermal stress.

Why is gradual depressurization necessary during normal shutdown of refining equipment?

To avoid damage caused by sudden pressure drops.

To increase system recovery rates.

To ensure product purity is maintained.

To clean product tanks effectively.

What happens if the system is not properly purged during shutdown?

Residual hydrocarbons can form explosive mixtures.

Pressure will stabilize at unsafe levels.

Cooling water systems will become inactive.

Product quality will improve temporarily.

Equipment reliability will increase.

During normal shutdown, which equipment requires priority isolation?

Reactors and high-pressure vessels.

What is the primary objective of preventive maintenance in oil refining equipment?

To reduce unplanned equipment failures by scheduling routine checks.

To maximize equipment performance during emergencies.

To increase the feedstock flow rate during operations.

To improve thermal efficiency under high loads.

To prevent overpressure in distillation columns.

What is the key feature of predictive maintenance?

Utilizing data and analytics to identify potential failures.

Periodically inspecting and repairing equipment.

Replacing parts at fixed intervals regardless of condition.

Performing emergency shutdowns to prevent hazards.

Conducting repairs after breakdowns.

What is the purpose of routine inspections for pipelines in oil refineries?

To detect leaks, corrosion, and structural weaknesses.

To increase pressure during product flow.

To improve heat exchange efficiency.

To enhance chemical reaction rates.

What is the purpose of maintaining compressors during operations?

To ensure consistent gas flow and pressure levels.

To reduce lubrication requirements.

To increase energy consumption.

To stop gas leaks in the discharge line.

During maintenance, why are pressure relief valves inspected and tested?

To ensure they function properly during overpressure events.

To optimize column separation efficiency.

To reduce the likelihood of thermal cracking.

To minimize feedstock flow rates.

What is the purpose of calibrating sensors and instruments in refining equipment?

To ensure accurate process control and safety.

To increase product flow rates.

To improve heat exchange efficiency.

To reduce the frequency of inspections.

To decrease system startup time.

What is the purpose of inspecting storage tanks during routine maintenance?

To detect leaks, corrosion, and ensure safe storage conditions.

To optimize feedstock flow to downstream units.

To adjust the vapor recovery system.

To improve tank heating efficiency.

To decrease cleaning requirements during operations.

What is a common hazard during the shutdown of an oil refining unit?

Accumulation of flammable gases in the system.

Rapid increase in cooling water temperature.

Overproduction of end products.

Excessive lubrication in rotating equipment.

During start-up, why must operators monitor the flare system closely?

To ensure safe venting of excess hydrocarbons.

To adjust the product composition.

To increase distillation column reflux.

To reduce heat exchanger fouling.

What is a key safety consideration when isolating equipment during shutdown?

Ensure all valves are properly locked and tagged out.

Increase the operating pressure to clear blockages.

Turn off lubrication systems immediately.

Maintain full power supply to all equipment.

Use air purging to maintain oxygen levels.

Why is communication between operators and engineers critical during start-up and shutdown?

To ensure coordination and prevent missteps in safety-critical tasks.

To monitor the quality of the final product.

To reduce heat loss in process units.

To maintain the catalyst regeneration process.

5.4

Authored by Ersultan Serzhanuly

English

University

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93 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the primary goal during the start-up phase of a distillation unit?

Ensure steady-state operation.

Increase temperature rapidly.

Maintain constant reflux ratio.

Stop feed flow intermittently.

Operate without monitoring pressure.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

During the start-up of a catalytic cracker, why is it essential to preheat the catalyst bed?

To achieve the required reaction temperature.

To cool down the system.

To remove contaminants.

To increase feedstock viscosity.

To promote rapid shutdown.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Why is inert gas used during the initial phase of starting oil refining equipment?

To prevent explosion due to residual hydrocarbons.

To increase oxygen concentration.

To accelerate reaction rates.

To reduce feedstock flow rate.

To enhance fouling of heat exchangers.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the correct sequence for starting a hydrotreater?

Purging → Catalyst activation → Feed introduction.

Feed introduction → Purging → Cooling.

Heating → Feedstock mixing → Shutdown.

Cooling → Product collection → Catalyst regeneration.

Steam purging → Cooling → Final adjustment.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the critical parameter to monitor during the start-up of a thermal cracking unit?

Furnace temperature.

Product storage capacity.

Maintenance schedule.

Laboratory test results.

Feed temperature.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the first step in shutting down a distillation column?

Stop the feed flow.

Turn off the reboiler.

Disconnect utility lines.

Isolate the reflux drum.

Drain the column contents.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In a gas compressor system, what should be done to prevent backflow during shutdown?

Close the discharge valve immediately.

Open the suction valve completely.

Increase compressor speed briefly.

Shut down without adjusting valves.

Flush the system with water.

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5.4

What is the primary goal during the start-up phase of a distillation unit?

During the start-up of a catalytic cracker, why is it essential to preheat the catalyst bed?

Why is inert gas used during the initial phase of starting oil refining equipment?

What is the correct sequence for starting a hydrotreater?

What is the critical parameter to monitor during the start-up of a thermal cracking unit?

What is the first step in shutting down a distillation column?

In a gas compressor system, what should be done to prevent backflow during shutdown?

Why is gradual cooling important during the shutdown of reactors?

Which gas is commonly used for purging reactors during shutdown?

What is the most common reason for a controlled shutdown of oil refining units?

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