Ch. 13 & 14: PG. 22-30: US History

What was the main achievement of Northern industry after the Civil War?

• Expansion of the cotton industry

• Construction of a transcontinental railroad

• Creation of interstate highways

• Introduction of commercial airlines

How did the construction of the transcontinental railroad affect American society?

• It led to the abolition of slavery.

• It introduced time zones and boosted town growth.

• It ended monopolies in transportation.

• It reduced the need for industrial workers.

What was the Bessemer process, and why was it important?

• A technique for refining oil efficiently

• A method for making steel faster and cheaper

• A system for mining coal

• A process for manufacturing textiles

Which group significantly contributed to building the transcontinental railroad?

• Irish immigrants

• Chinese immigrants

• African American freedmen

• German immigrants

What was the main goal of the Grange movement in the 19th century?

• To establish free public education

• To regulate the railroad industry

• To increase industrial development

• To promote urbanization

What was one result of the Interstate Commerce Act?

• It allowed railroads to charge any rates they wanted.

• It banned pools and rebates among railroad companies.

• It abolished time zones.

• It established free public transportation.

What practice allowed Rockefeller to dominate the oil industry?

• Use of pooling agreements

• Shipping oil cheaply through pipelines

• Prohibiting competitors from hiring workers

• Avoiding the use of kerosene

What led to the Panic of 1893?

• Overbuilding and competition among railroads

• Excessive regulation of steel production

• Depletion of oil reserves

• A nationwide drought

What principle did Munn v. Illinois establish?

• Businesses cannot be regulated by the government.

• States can regulate private industries for the public good.

• Farmers have no rights to government land.

• Railroads should not be taxed.

What economic policy best describes the U.S. between 1865 and 1900?

• Socialism

• Strict government regulation

• Laissez-faire capitalism

• Communism