THEORIES OF PERSONALITY FINAL EXAM

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is central to his theory of personality?

• The unconscious mind

• The self-concept

• Defense mechanisms

• Archetypes

Which term refers to the innate drive that motivates individuals to grow and achieve their potential, according to Rogers?

• Self-actualization

• Homeostasis

• Organismic valuing

• Positive regard

Carl Rogers emphasized that individuals require __________ to develop a healthy self-concept.

• Negative reinforcement

• Unconditional positive regard

• Strict discipline

• Suppression of emotions

Rogers believed that incongruence occurs when:

• The ideal self matches the real self

• There is alignment between self-concept and experiences

• There is a mismatch between self-concept and experiences

• The individual achieves self-actualization

What is the primary goal of Rogerian therapy?

• To interpret the client's unconscious conflicts

• To confront the client's irrational thoughts

• To facilitate self-discovery and personal growth

• To establish dominance over the client's self-concept

Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for a therapist in client-centered therapy?

• Empathy

• Authenticity

• Congruence

• Judgment

Which of these statements contradicts Rogers' views on human nature?

• Humans are inherently good and strive for growth.

• People have a natural tendency toward self-fulfillment.

• Individuals are primarily driven by unconscious desires.

• Humans need positive regard to thrive.

In Rogers' theory, which term refers to the judgmental attitudes imposed by others that affect an individual's self-worth?

• Conditions of worth

• Positive regard

• Organismic valuing

• Congruence

Which is NOT one of the three core conditions Carl Rogers believed were necessary for effective therapy?

• Genuineness

• Unconditional positive regard

• Directive intervention

• Empathy

Carl Rogers used the term 'organismic valuing' to describe:

• The process of aligning with societal values

• The ability to trust one's own instincts and experiences

• The cognitive dissonance in decision-making

• A defense mechanism to avoid conflict