Behavioral Psychology

What type of learning involves associating two stimuli, such as Pavlov’s dogs salivating at the sound of a bell?

• Operant Conditioning

• Classical Conditioning

• Observational Learning

• Cognitive Learning

In operant conditioning, a behavior followed by a reward increases the likelihood of the behavior recurring. This is an example of:

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Punishment

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned taste aversion?

• Eating more of a food that tastes good

• Avoiding a food after getting sick from it once

• Pairing food with a pleasant sound

• Developing a craving for a particular food

What type of reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?

• Fixed Ratio

• Variable Ratio

• Fixed Interval

• Continuous Reinforcement

The sudden reappearance of a conditioned response after it has been extinguished is called:

• Generalization

• Discrimination

• Spontaneous Recovery

• Extinction

In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the unconditioned stimulus?

• The bell

• The food

• Salivation

• The experimenter

Adding something unpleasant to reduce a behavior is called:

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Punishment

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Reinforcement

Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior is called:

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Reinforcement

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Punishment

The process of reinforcing small steps toward a desired behavior is called:

• Shaping

• Generalization

• Discrimination

A person feels anxious when hearing their phone vibrate, anticipating a notification. This is an example of:

• Spontaneous Recovery

• Conditioned Emotional Response

• Discriminative Stimulus

• Extinction