GamutNHS_G12NATReview_PhySci.

The degree to which an atom attracts electrons in a chemical bond is described by

• electronegativity

• electropositivity

• electrostatics

• electromagnetic

Answer explanation

Electronegativity is the measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond. It distinguishes how strongly an atom can pull shared electrons towards itself, making it the correct choice.

If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7, the character of the bond will be?

• ionic

• polar covalent

• non polar covalent

• covalent

Answer explanation

If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7, the bond is considered ionic. This is because such a large difference indicates that one atom completely transfers its electron to another, resulting in charged ions.

What type of bond is formed when the difference in electronegativity is between 0.4 and 1.7?

• ionic

• polar covalent

• non polar covalent

• covalent

Answer explanation

A polar covalent bond is formed when the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is between 0.4 and 1.7. This results in unequal sharing of electrons, leading to partial charges.

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

• Nitrogen

• Chlorine

• Oxygen

• Fluorine

Answer explanation

Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all elements, rated at 3.98 on the Pauling scale. This makes it more effective at attracting electrons compared to nitrogen, chlorine, and oxygen.

In a covalent bond, the shared electrons are more attracted to the atom with?

• none of the above

• equal electronegativity

• lower electronegativity

• higher electronegativity

Answer explanation

In a covalent bond, the shared electrons are more attracted to the atom with higher electronegativity, as it has a stronger ability to attract electrons compared to an atom with lower or equal electronegativity.

What type of bond is formed when the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.4?

• covalent

• non polar covalent

• polar covalent

• ionic

Answer explanation

When the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.4, the bond formed is classified as non-polar covalent. This indicates that the electrons are shared equally between the atoms, resulting in no significant charge separation.

Which of the following elements is least electronegative?

• Potassium

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Calcium

Answer explanation

Potassium is the least electronegative element among the choices. Electronegativity decreases down a group in the periodic table, and potassium, being an alkali metal, has a lower electronegativity than carbon, hydrogen, and calcium.

In a polar covalent bond, the shared electrons are?

• shared in a fixed ratio

• more attracted to one atom

• not shared at all

• equally shared

Answer explanation

In a polar covalent bond, the shared electrons are more attracted to one atom due to differences in electronegativity, leading to an unequal sharing of electrons.

Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity?

• Lithium

• Francium

• Rubidium

• Cesium

Answer explanation

Cesium has the lowest electronegativity among the given elements. Electronegativity decreases down the group in the periodic table, and cesium, being lower than lithium, francium, and rubidium, is the least electronegative.

What type of bond is typically formed between two atoms with similar electronegativities?

• covalent

• non polar covalent

• polar covalent

• ionic

Answer explanation

Atoms with similar electronegativities share electrons equally, forming a non-polar covalent bond. This occurs when the difference in electronegativity is minimal, leading to a balanced distribution of charge.