Quiz on Schema Theory, WMM, MSM

What is a schema according to schema theory?

• A reflection of an object, event, or idea that exists in the mind

• A psychological disorder

• A cluster of knowledge or memory stored in the mind

• A type of memory loss

Which study investigated how schema affects memory in an office setting?

• Bransford & Johnson (1972)

• Brewer & Treyens (1981)

• Bartlett (1932)

• Stone et al (2010)

What does the term 'confirmation bias' refer to?

• The tendency to remember all information equally

• The tendency to focus on information that is consistent with existing beliefs

• The tendency to focus on information that contradicts existing beliefs

• The tendency to forget information

What was the main conclusion of Bransford & Johnson (1972) regarding schema?

• Schemas have no effect on memory

• Schemas can help improve comprehension of new information

• Schemas are irrelevant in educational settings

• Schemas only affect long-term memory

If the title of a passage about doing laundry was shown (a)   listening to the story then the mean number of details remembered was (b)   . However, if the title was given (c)   listening to the story then the mean number of details about the story was (d)   .

• BEFORE
• 5.8
• AFTER
• 2.6

Schema theory predicts that schemas can help us to:

• Make useful generalizations about situations, people and places

• Save or reduce cognitive energy or resources

• Make sense of complex information in the world we live in

• All of the answers are correct

Some of the key problems with schemas could be (tick all that are correct)

• Confirmation bias

• Overgeneralizing

• Stereotyping

• reduce cognitive energy

Match the following

• accommodation

• The process of changing our schemas so it fits with new information

• rationalisation

• The process of changing information so it is consistent with our schemas

• assimilation

• The process fitting new information into our existing schemas

What did the study by Landry and Bartling (2011) demonstrate?

• The effectiveness of visual memory

• The role of long-term memory in working memory tasks

• The impact of articulatory suppression on memory recall

• The importance of rehearsal in memory retention

Who proposed the MSM?

• Murdock and Peterson

• Glanzer and Cunitz

• Atkinson and Shiffrin