Chemistry Concepts for Grade 12

What is the pH range of acidic solutions?

• 4 to 6

• 0 to 3

• 0 to 6.9

• 7 to 14

Define a strong acid and give an example.

• Nitric acid (HNO3)

• Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

• Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

• Sodium chloride (NaCl)

What is the role of a catalyst in a redox reaction?

• A catalyst changes the products of a redox reaction.

• A catalyst speeds up a redox reaction without being consumed.

• A catalyst slows down a redox reaction.

• A catalyst is consumed during a redox reaction.

Identify the oxidizing agent in the reaction: Zn + Cu^2+ → Zn^2+ + Cu.

• Zn^2+

• Cu^2+

• Zn

• Cu

What is the general formula for alkanes?

• C(n-1)H(2n-2)

• CnH(2n+2)

• CnH2n

• C2nH2n

Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

• Saturated hydrocarbons contain only double bonds, while unsaturated hydrocarbons contain single bonds.

• Saturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than unsaturated hydrocarbons.

• Unsaturated hydrocarbons are always gases, while saturated hydrocarbons are always liquids.

• Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds (e.g., alkanes), while unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds (e.g., alkenes and alkynes).

What is the product of the reaction between an acid and a base?

• Hydrogen and oxygen

• Sodium and chlorine

• Carbon dioxide and water

• Water and a salt

Describe the process of oxidation in terms of electron transfer.

• Oxidation is a process that does not involve electron transfer.

• Oxidation involves the addition of hydrogen atoms.

• Oxidation is the gain of electrons by a substance.

• Oxidation is the loss of electrons by a substance.

What is a functional group in organic chemistry?

• A functional group is a category of organic compounds based on their molecular weight.

• A functional group is a molecule that has no effect on chemical reactions.

• A functional group is a specific group of atoms in a molecule that determines its chemical properties and reactions.

• A functional group is a type of chemical bond between two atoms.

Name the type of reaction that involves the transfer of electrons.

• Synthesis reaction

• Decomposition reaction

• Redox reaction

• Combustion reaction